保护装置的电磁兼容控制技术

本文介绍了电磁兼容性设计的一般原则、基本内容,分析了舰船环境中对保护装置产生电磁干扰的来源,对保护装置采取的电磁干扰控制技术进行了阐述.     

隧道交通事故自动检测仿真研究

采用VISSIM交通仿真软件,对城市隧道内的物理环境进行仿真,可设计出一种基于交通流参数的交通事故自动检测方法。该方法可以方便、快捷、准确地判断隧道内的交通运行状况,因而具有一定的实用价值。     

基于列车运行安全的青藏铁路大风预测优化模型与算法

为减轻青藏铁路恶劣大风天气对列车行车安全的影响、对沿线风速进行准确地预测预报,运用时间序列法对格尔木-拉萨段16号测风站实测风速建立时序预测模型,并进行多步预测仿真计算.为提高时序预测模型精度,通过改进时间序列法建模流程,引进卡尔曼滤波智能算法,提出了2种适合于不同预测步长和精度的优化算法.预测实例表明:优化算法将时序模型的超前1步预测平均相对误差从4.89%降低为2.51%,超前5步预测平均相对误差从9.77%降低为5.62%,并明显改善了时序模型的预测延时现象.     

A new GPS deformation monitoring algorithm applied to Donghai Bridge

A real-time, long-round global positioning system (GPS) bridge-deformation monitoring technology was proposed, which processes the carrier phase of multiple GPS receivers in an operation center. It was demon- strated an extended Kalman filter with triple differential ionospheric-free measurement (EKF-TIF) which can eliminate the ionospheric delay, whiten the TIF noise and optimize the results of EKF, consequently, achieves a better performance than existing real time kinematic (RTK) solution. An experiment, which takes an active ionosphere condition into consideration, proves the feasibility of this system by comparing its records to that of a traditional RTK solution, practically, the system installed on the Donghai Bridge has survived a non-break running for five months. The analysis to the monitoring records shows the system achieves the designed accu- racy and reliability.     

Pressure drop and heat transfer of catalyzed diesel particulate filters due to changes in soot loading and flow rate

When soot particles are loaded in a diesel particulate filter, it causes increase in back pressure of the exhaust system. To minimize this pressure drop due to DPF, the filter needs to be regenerated after a certain amount of soot has been accumulated. It is crucial to estimate the correct amount of soot that has been accumulated by measuring the differential pressure. It is also important to understand changes in pressure drop due to flow rate variations of the exhaust gas, since the pressure drop would be influenced by the exhaust flow rate as well as the amount of soot. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics of the catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) are another major issue, as the filter is occasionally exposed to high temperature gas. This study presents the characteristics of pressure drop according to the variation of soot loading and the mass flow rate in CDPF. In addition, heat transfer characteristics in the filter was investigated when a high temperature gas flows into the CDPF. Tests were performed in several CDPF samples having varying amounts of catalyst coating. Experimental results indicate that rig-based experiments are useful in understanding the characteristics of pressure drop in the CDPF. In the cake filtration region, a pressure drop has a proportional relationship according to soot loading and mass flow rate. It was found that an increased catalyst coating may lead to enhanced convective heat transfer.     

强干扰下无源雷达弱目标探测

当存在大型目标、近地机群或欺骗干扰时,无源雷达难以检测弱小目标.基于强信号与照射源发射信号之间的关系,导出了幅度-距离-多普勒曲面与照射源信号自模糊函数的关系,进而提出了在二维FIR(finiteimpulse response)系统辨识基础上抑制强回波以检测弱目标的方法.仿真结果表明,该方法对强信号的抑制超过60 dB;即使弱目标回波信噪比在-24 dB的情况下,也能实现弱目标检测.     

基于正交分析的柴油机微粒捕集器结构仿真优化

采用微粒捕集器可大幅减少船舶柴油机颗粒物的排放量,但在实际应用中仍然受到背压过大等条件的限制。文章利用GT-Power软件建立了柴油机和微粒捕集器(DPF)联合仿真模型,在柴油机试验台架上进行了模型验证试验,模型误差均在5%以内,满足仿真优化要求。分析了滤体结构中的微孔直径、壁厚、孔隙率、过滤体长度、通道密度对DPF性能的影响,可得微孔直径对捕集效率影响较大;壁厚和孔隙率增加时,过滤体压降和捕集效率均有所增加;过滤体长度和通道密度增加时,压降降低,初始捕集效率升高。通过正交分析法建立正交表并计算得出最佳DPF结构模型。与原模型相比,改进的模型压降由原来的7.16 k Pa下降至3.92 k Pa,初始捕集效率由原来的93.87%上升到94.09%,为DPF结构优化设计提供了理论依据。     

振弦式孔隙水压力计在真空预压工程中的长期工作性能

真空预压是一种在大面积深厚软黏土地基处理中有着广泛应用的排水固结方法。为获得地基加固过程中土体的固结度增长和变形情况,需要对真空预压过程进行监测。孔隙水压力是其中一项重要的观测项目,能够直接反映超静孔隙水压力的消散情况。孔隙水压力计主要分为开放式和密闭式两大类,对两种类型孔隙水压力计的测量原理进行分析,并通过现场试验对真空预压中常用的振弦式孔隙水压力计测头工作性能进行分析,提出提高长期稳定性及准确性的措施,包括采用饱和的致密的透水石和Ridley-type可冲刷的振弦式孔隙水压力计。     

某海堤后方地面塌陷原因分析

采用现场调研和数值分析相结合的方法,分析某海堤后方地面塌陷的原因。首先结合现场调研结果,初步判断地面塌陷原因;其次通过建立饱和渗流本构模型,采用有限元法求解陆域回填料与海堤接触面各点渗透比降,与允许比降对比进行渗透破坏判别,明确地面塌陷原因;最后根据塌陷原因分析,提出有效的应对措施。地面塌陷是由回填料渗透破坏造成的,是海堤内坡倒滤结构破损和强降雨天气降水下渗共同作用的结果,通过修补倒滤结构和进行地面防渗处理,可有效防止地面塌陷的进一步发展。研究结果为成陆工程防渗设计和地面塌陷修补提供了重要的参考。     

船舶辅机浮筏半主动非线性隔振系统振动特性分析

磁流变阻尼器因其低耗能、响应迅速等特点而被广泛应用。文章采用一种改进的Bingham模型对船舶辅机浮筏隔振装置中的非线性磁流变阻尼力进行建模。该模型简单且含滞后特性,便于理论分析。对建立的船舶辅机浮筏隔振系统的非线性动力学模型,通过平均法求解船舶辅机浮筏半主动隔振系统的理论解,并运用Matlab对理论解进行数值仿真验证。以力传递率作为评价指标,分析了磁流变阻尼器各参数对隔振效果的影响规律。研究结果可为非线性船舶辅机浮筏隔振系统的设计提供理论依据,从而能更有效地控制船舶辅机的振动。