Bottleneck model revisited: An activity-based perspective

The timing of commuting trips made during morning and evening peaks has typically been investigated using Vickrey’s bottleneck model. However, in the conventional trip-based approach, the decisions that commuters make during the day about their activity schedules and time use are not explicitly considered. This study extends the bottleneck model to address the scheduling problem of commuters’ morning home-to-work and evening work-to-home journeys by using an activity-based approach. A day-long activity-travel scheduling model is proposed for the simultaneous determination of departure times for morning and evening commutes, together with allocations of time during the day among travel and activities undertaken at home or at the workplace. The proposed model maximizes the total net utility of the home-based tour, which is the difference between the benefits derived from participating in activities and the disutility incurred by travel between activity locations. The properties of the model solution are analytically explored and compared with the conventional bottleneck model for a special case with constant marginal-activity utility. For the case with linear marginal-activity utility, we develop a heuristic procedure to seek the equilibrium scheduling solution. We also explore the effects of marginal-work utility (or the employees’ average wage level) and of flexible work-hour schemes on the scheduling problem in relation to the morning and evening commuting tours.     

An integrated analysis of workers’ physically active activity and active travel choice behavior

Using Texas add-on sample data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, this study examines adult workers’ daily active choice decisions in the context of physical activity and attendant health benefits. The study looked at workers’ two choice behaviors: active activity and active travel. The first choice behavior, active activity, is developed as an ordered-response model based on the number of physically active recreational activities pursued during the workday. The second choice behavior, active travel, is developed as a binary-response model that examines workers’ active travel choices—whether or not the worker used any active mode of travel during the same workday. The study improves the understanding and knowledge of observed factors influencing workers’ physically active activity-travel behavior. The study also provides several observations regarding the role (and constraints) of employment in individuals’ active choices. Using a flexible copula modeling methodology, we explore the true correlation (or dependence) between the two behavior choices that could occur due to the presence of unobserved factors, suggesting a simultaneously low or simultaneously high propensity for being physically active across workers. The study findings suggest that transportation and public health policy makers can mutually benefit from encouraging workers to be physically active (from an activity and/or travel perspective). Overall, the study draws attention to the integrated nature of the public health and transportation fields, thereby providing a distinct view of active/inactive choice behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring a rich variety of components for workers’ active activity-travel behavior through a robust copula approach.     

软土路基段高速公路已建桥梁桥头跳车维修方法

针对软土路基高速公路已建桥梁桥头跳车问题,介绍目前桥头跳车常用的几种维修方法.通过对比分析可知:相比其他传统维修技术,聚氨酯注浆技术经济性明显,可以有效处理软土地区高速公路已建桥梁桥头跳车问题.     

Design of robust-stable and quadratic finite-horizon optimal controllers with low trajectory sensitivity for uncertain active suspension systems

This paper presents a design method for designing the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of uncertain active suspension systems. The method integrates a robust stabilisability condition, the orthogonal functions approach (OFA) and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA). Using the integrative computational method, a robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller with low-trajectory sensitivity can be obtained such that (i) the active suspension system with elemental parametric uncertainties is stabilised and (ii) a quadratic-finite-horizon-integral performance index including a quadratic trajectory sensitivity term for the nominal active suspension system is minimised. The robust stabilisability condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the OFA, an algebraic algorithm only involving the algebraic computation is derived for solving the nominal active suspension feedback dynamic equations. By using the OFA and the LMI-based robust stabilisability condition, the dynamic optimisation problem for the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller design of the linear uncertain active suspension system is transformed into a static-constrained-optimisation problem represented by the algebraic equations with constraint of LMI-based robust stabilisability condition; thus greatly simplifies the design problem. Then, for the static-constrained-optimisation problem, the HTGA is employed to find the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of the linear uncertain active suspension systems. A design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative computational approach.     

整体桥 Z 形引板受力性能有限元分析

为研究深圳马峦山整体桥Z形引板的受力性能，采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立Z形引板分析模型，并与试验结果进行对比，研究不同参数对Z形引板的受力性能的影响，同时分析了引板对路面平整度的影响。分析结果表明:通过改变Z形引板斜板倾角值可改善引板的工作性能；任意斜板倾角的Z形引板受到纵桥向单向推位移时，远台端路面坡度变化满足高速公路路面平整度要求。有限元分析结果可为整体桥Z形板设计提供一定的参考。     

道路桥梁过渡段的路基路面施工技术探析

针对我国城市道路桥梁过渡段路基路面设计现状，分析过渡段施工中存在的问题，提出施工技术要点，以期为提高我国的道路桥梁施工质量提供参考。     

A Participatory Approach to Marine Habitat Mapping in the Grenadine Islands

Increasing interest in implementing an ecosystem-based management approach has made stakeholder involvement vital and has highlighted the need for an effective participatory framework. In this study we used a participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) framework to collaboratively map the marine resources of the transboundary Grenadine Islands with a broad range of stakeholders from the two sovereign nations. We found the application of PGIS allowed the collective resolution of an appropriate mapping scale and a locally relevant habitat classification scheme that would not only serve the needs of resource managers, but could also be understood by resource users. Furthermore, multi-level stakeholder involvement in the mapping process captured resource use profiles and other fishing-related attributes, gave credibility to local knowledge and ownership of information, and was instrumental in building capacity to access and use the produced information. Lessons learned included the importance of investing considerable time early in the participatory process, which was later rewarded by stakeholder buy-in and led to financial and in-kind support. Furthermore, hosting the information in multiple formats on a project website has resulted in easy access and use by a wide range of stakeholders over a cross-country scale. We believe our experiences will be valuable to other practitioners considering using PGIS, particularly for those working in similar resource-limited, developing nation contexts.     

无缝桥梁CRCP接线路面室内试验研究

连续配筋混凝土路面(CRCP)自身有带裂缝工作的特点,将其与无缝桥梁技术相结合,针对中小整体式无缝梁桥,提出了采用CRCP接线路面来吸纳无缝桥梁收缩变形的新措施.同时结合西部交通建设科技项目"无缝化技术在西部地区中小跨径桥梁上的应用研究"课题,进行了室内足尺模型试验,并且在主动裂缝控制的效果、裂缝宽度发展规律以及纵向钢...     

人肝癌细胞HepG2和人正常肝细胞7702的差异蛋白质组学研究

目的应用蛋白质组学技术探讨人肝癌细胞HepG2和人正常肝细胞7702的蛋白质差异表达谱,筛选肝细胞癌的特异性标志物。方法应用双向电泳(2-DE)方法对细胞总蛋白进行分离和分析,用质谱(MS)鉴定差异表达蛋白,并用免疫组化方法验证部分差异表达蛋白。结果与7702细胞相比,在HepG2细胞中鉴定出17种差异表达蛋白,10种上调,7种下调,主要涉及物质代谢酶和抗凋亡、调节应激和细胞间信号传导的蛋白质;免疫组化结果验证了膜联蛋白A1(annexin A1)和亲环蛋白A(cyclophilin A)在肝细胞癌病理组织中均明显上调,且主要定位于胞质内。结论人肝癌细胞HepG2和人正常肝细胞7702的蛋白质表达差异显著,其中膜联蛋白A1和亲环蛋白A可作为肝细胞癌诊断及治疗的分子标志物。