Contracting regimes for bus services: What have we learnt after 20 years?

This paper reviews a number of themes that have played a crucial role in the debate on alternative contracting regimes for the provision of urban bus services. We have selected four crucial issues to reflect on: (i) contractual regimes (in particular competitive tendering as compared to negotiated performance-based contracts, as means to award the rights to provide service); (ii) contract completeness (focussing on ex ante and ex post elements); (iii) building trust through partnership; and (iv) tactical or system level planning for bus services. Experience in these areas suggests that competitive tendering has frequently not lived up to expectations and that negotiation is likely in many circumstances to deliver better value for money.     

基于案例推理的交通基础设施PPP项目再谈判触发点识别研究

为了减少再谈判的发生,降低管理成本,提高效率,提出基于案例推理的再谈判触发点识别模型。首先,运用粗糙集理论对初始案例特征属性进行约简,并综合使用熵权法和层次分析法对各案例特征属性权重进行优化; 然后,通过案例总体相似度检索与拟建PPP项目相似的源案例,识别出拟建项目最有可能发生的再谈判触发点; 最后,以深圳梧桐山隧道PPP项目为例,验证模型的合理性与有效性,同时,提出相应的事前预防措施。     

INNOVIA 300 跨座式单轨系统在芜湖单轨交通的折返性能分析

介绍 INNOVIA 300 跨座式单轨系统车辆、道岔和信号的主要特点和性能参数。针对芜湖单轨交通 2 号线万春湖路站至梦溪路站区段线路,建立多质点列车模型进行列车牵引仿真计算。在列车牵引仿真计算的基础上,根据站前、站后折返的作业流程进行基于通信的列车控制(communication based train control,CBTC)下的折返运行分析。结果表明,采用 R100 m 渡线和 R69 m 渡线的站前折返发车间隔分别为 128.7 s 和 132.6 s,站后折返发车间隔分别为 80.4 s 和 83.5 s;停站时间直接影响发车间隔,当停站时间不超过 65 s 时,站后折返时间均满足远期 2 min的发车间隔要求。利用 INNOVIA 300 跨座式单轨系统良好的折返性能可以有效提高系统运能,缩短乘客等待时间,并为线路的运营组织和优化奠定基础。     

投影寻踪分类模型在中国工业经济效益综合评价中的应用

为提高工业经济效益综合评价模型的分辨率,提出了一种有效的和通用的模型——投影寻踪分类模型.采用基于实数编码的加速遗传算法寻找最优的投影方向,同时用投影方向信息研究了各因子对中国工业经济效益综合评价的影响水平.取得了符合客观实际的分类结果.     

基于倒拆法对重庆朝天门长江大桥进行力学分析

重庆朝天门长江大桥为世界第1跨公轨两用拱桥,设计中主要以应力控制为主。采用倒拆法对该桥的结构杆件力学特性进行研究分析,重点介绍该桥施工中的合理压重和合理扣索力的计算,并提出相关建议。     

Crossing the bridge: The effects of time-varying tolls on curbing congestion

This paper estimates the traffic volume and travel time effects of the road congestion pricing implemented on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. I employ both difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches to analyze previously unexploited data for the two years spanning the price change and obtain causal estimates of the hourly average treatment effects of the policy. I find evidence of peak spreading in traffic volume and decreases in travel time during peak hours. I also find suggestive evidence of substitution to a nearby bridge and decreases in travel time variability. In addition, I calculate own- and cross-price elasticities.     

Integrated sequencing and merging aircraft to parallel runways with automated conflict resolution and advanced avionics capabilities

Congestion in Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA) in hub airports is the main problem in Chinese air transportation. In this paper we propose a new system to integrated sequence and merge aircraft to parallel runways at Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA). This system is based on the advanced avionics capabilities. Our methodology integrates a Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) system, an economical descent approaches procedure, and a tailored heuristic algorithm to find a good, systematic, operationally-acceptable solution. First, Receding Horizontal Control (RHC) technique is applied to divide the entire 24 h of traffic into several sub-problems. Then in each sub-problem, it is optimized on given objectives (conflict, deviation from Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) on the runway and makespan of the arrival flow). Four decision variables are designed to control the trajectory: the entry time, the entry speed, the turning time on the sequencing leg, and the landing runway allocation. Based on these variables, the real time trajectories are generated by the simulation module. Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is used to search the best solution for aircraft to execute. Finally, the conflict-free, least-delay, and user-preferred trajectories from the entry point of TMA to the landing runway are defined. Numerical results show that our optimization system has very stable de-conflict performance to handle continuously dense arrivals in transition airspace. It can also provide the decision support to assist flow controllers to handle the asymmetric arrival flows on different runways with less fuel consumption, and to assist tactical controllers to easily re-sequence aircraft with more relaxed position shifting. Moreover, our system can provide the fuel consumption prediction, and runway assignment information to assist airport and airlines managers for optimal decision making. Theoretically, it realizes an automated, cooperative and green control of routine arrival flows. Although the methodology defined here is applied to the airport BCIA, it could also be applied to other airports in the world.     

Validation of an agent based model using a participatory simulation gaming approach: The case of city logistics

Agent-based modeling is used for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous entities aiming to assessing their effects on the system as a whole. At an abstract level, an agent-based model (ABM) is a representation of the many simple agents and interactions among them. The decision making of the agents is based on the rules given to them. In an ABM, the model output is the result of internal decision-making and may differ with alteration in the decision path. On the contrary, with the set of rules embedded in agents, their behavior is modeled to take a ‘certain action’ in a ‘certain situation’. It suggests that the internal decision making behavior of agents is truly responsible for the model output and thus it cannot be ignored while validating ABMs. This research article focuses on the validating agents’ behavior by evaluating decision-making processes of agents. For this purpose, we propose a validation framework based on a participatory simulation game. Using this framework we engage a human player (i.e. a domain stakeholder) to allow us to collect information about choices and validate the behavior of an individual agent. A proof-of-concept game is developed for a city logistics ABM to test the framework.     

RBAC在铁路客票网络安全系统中的应用

基于角色访问控制(RBAC)是近几年访问控制领域的研究热点,本文详细描述了基于角色的访问控制模型,探讨了其实现机制,并将之应用于铁路客票安全系统。在已提出的各种模型中,对角色的定义大都没有进行明确分类,往往造成角色权限的冲突,成为安全隐患。本系统根据一般安全系统的具备的特征对角色进行了分类,对各个子类定义了通用的角色约束机制,以避免冲突。客票系统是个复杂的分布式系统,在其访问控制的设计中,按照客票系统的实际情况进行了扩充和修改,从安全性和可用性给出了具体的解决方案。     

黔桂线改扩建工程几处典型的地质选线

研究目的:黔桂铁路改扩建工程地处西南山区,穿越贵州、广西两省区,沿线地形地质十分复杂,线路方案选择往往受到地质条件的严重制约,因此,在该线改扩建工程初测阶段大力开展区域地质选线工作对节约工程投资、减少地质灾害和工程病害、消除运营隐患是很有必要的。研究方法:在充分收集区域地质资料基础上,通过地质调绘、钻探、静力触探等综合勘探方法,查明选线段重大工程地质问题,从地质角度确定线路方案。研究结果:通过不同方案地质条件必选,最终确定了地质条件好的线路方案。研究结论:西南山区地形地质复杂,线路方案比选中应充分研究沿线地质条件,绕避复杂、严重地质不良地段。本文系统介绍了黔桂线改扩建工程初测阶段几处典型的、成功的地质选线,概括性地总结了地质选线应绕避的重大地质问题,其选线思路、比选条件及评价意见等可作为其它山区铁路勘察设计参考和借鉴。