桥头跳车问题研究综述

该文在查阅大量资料基础上,对桥头过渡段沉降控制指标、地基沉降控制方法、台背填料处理方法及桥台和桥头过渡段路基刚柔过渡的方法等桥头跳车问题进行分析,简要介绍了其研究现状,并提出了研究方法和方向。     

再生旧沥青混合料用做柔性基层研究

旧沥青混合料的再生利用可以节省建设投资,保护环境,文中介绍了旧沥青混合料残余性能的评价方法,冷拌结合料乳化沥青和稳定剂的选择。通过工程实例探讨了再生料用做柔性基层配合比设计的方法、原则,铺筑的施工工艺及其路用性能的检测跟踪。     

基于刚柔耦合多体动力学模型的配气机构计算

通过在配气机构多刚体模型中引入柔性体,描述了配气机构的动力学性能;建立了柔性体气门弹簧,分析了气门弹簧动刚度的非线性行为,并且依据模态技术计算得到其动态应力;该方法为优化设计配气机构等机械产品及对其进行疲劳性能研究提供了依据。     

汽车碳排放检测能力建设及评价方法研究

结合现有检测能力，顺利完成了碳排放检测能力的改造，测试水平满足欧Ⅴ、欧Ⅵ的要求，达到国际先进、国内一流水平；研究了传统动力汽车碳排放评价方法，针对某公司某轻型客车燃料消耗量偏高的问题，提出了有针对性的降低碳排放的措施，并进行了试验验证。     

The impact of structural flexibilities of wheelsets and rails on the hunting behaviour of a railway vehicle

The hunting motion of a passenger coach is investigated using a multibody system in which the wheelsets and the rails can be modelled as flexible bodies. By comparing the results for different model variants, in which the structural flexibilities of the wheelsets and of the rails are either taken into account or neglected, the impact of the flexibilities is analysed. It turns out that the flexibilities of both the wheelsets and the rails have a significant impact on the hunting behaviour by increasing the lateral motions of the wheelsets and lowering the critical speed. In order to investigate the impact of the flexibilities under different operating conditions, the calculations are carried out for track geometries using different rail profiles (60E1, 60E2) and different rail cants (1:40, 1:20) and for different values for the friction coefficient (0.25…0.4) at the wheel–rail contact. The results show that the influence of the flexibilities is the strongest for high lateral forces, which occur e.g. for contact geometries leading to high hunting frequencies and for high values of the friction coefficient. The results also show in some cases a strong impact of the flexibilities on the position of the wheel–rail contact on the running surface of the rail, which is of particular interest with respect to wear simulation.     

教师教育教学能力建设的若干问题研究

如何尽快提高高职学校教师的教学能力是高职学校教学讨论的热点问题。我们从两个发面展开讨论:一是高职学校学生为什么对教师不满意?二是如何尽快提高高职学校教师的教学能力。     

全球化对公共行政的冲击

在全球化时代，国家主权和公共行政能力遭受到了前所未有的冲击。日益壮大的非政府组织、国际组织和跨国财团正在侵占和瓜分国家的权力。主权危机直接冲击到公共行政，全球化对公共行政所产生的影响可以归纳为：第一，全球化冲击了传统的以地理区域为单位的行政辖区，并逐渐缔造出一种以个人兴趣和利益为纽带的新的距离感；第二，全球化对传统的层级制组织模式构成严重威胁，正在出现的是一种类似于网络结构的组织模式；第三，全球化，尤其是信息全球化，改变了行政机构的决策方式；第四，全球化削弱了民族国家、尤其是发展中国家，制定和实施公共政策以满足国内需求的能力。     

长寿柔性基层沥青路面的极限应变

长寿柔性路面设计通常采用沥青层底极限拉应变和土基顶部极限压应变作为控制指标。现阶段极限应变指标参照室内试验结果确定，且数值相对固定。而现场路面结构层应变响应值受结构厚度、荷载、环境作用（温度及老化）等因素的影响，在服役过程中不断演化。以2条服役超过35年的柔性路面结构（屯门公路与吐露港公路）为基础，分析了不同服役阶段路面结构层在不同荷载、环境作用下的极限应变响应，探讨了柔性路面极限应变的大概范围。研究结果表明：在初始服役状态下，屯门公路高温状态下沥青层底的极限拉应变为376×10^-6，土基顶部极限压应变为562×10^-6；低温状态下上述极限应变分别降为87×10^-6，249×10^-6；吐露港公路高温状态下沥青层底、土基顶部极限应变分别为149×10^-6，324×10^-6，低温状态下上述应变分别降为50×10^-6，156×10^-6。在经过长期服役后，老化状态下2类路面沥青层底拉应变及土基顶部压应变均大幅降低。屯门公路在使用36年后，某些路段出现零星的疲劳破坏，而吐露港公路则没有发现疲劳破坏。极限应变计算结果表明，路面关键位置的应变受荷载、沥青层厚度、温度和沥青层老化状态等多因素的影响。因此，在进行长寿柔性基层路面设计中，荷载、沥青层厚度、温度及沥青层老化状态等因素都应该考虑在内。     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.