Economic Activity Derived from Whale-Based Tourism in Vava'u,Tonga

This article reports on a study that estimated the economic activity of snorkel-with-whales tourism in the small, isolated island group of Vava'u, Tonga. This research shows that these activities generate important economic and other benefits and that these benefits grew from a relatively modest USD500,000 per year in 1999 to USD5 million per year by 2009. Data from self-reply questionnaires completed by holiday-makers who traveled by aircraft (n = 499) and yacht-based visitors (n = 52) showed that whales have become the predominant attraction for visitors to these remote islands. Interviews with tour operators (n = 10) confirmed the increasing influence of whale based activities over all tourism in the Vava'u area.     

Spatial and Temporal Modeling of Beach Use: A Case Study of East Anglia,UK

As tourists are sensitive to weather conditions and changes to the environments they visit, it is likely that climate change will affect coastal recreation in the future. To understand these impacts, it is first important to quantify how visitor numbers are associated with beach characteristics and weather patterns. Using the East Anglian coastline, UK, as a case study, information on the spatial distribution of visitors recorded from aircraft flights is combined with beach characteristic data in a Geographical Information System. In addition, surveys are undertaken at two beaches to assess temporal variations in visitation. The study finds a diverse range of characteristics are associated with visitor numbers. These findings are evaluated alongside the anticipated effects of climate change and management policies. Although it is predicted that warmer weather will increase visitor numbers overall, sea-level rise may reduce numbers at wide sandy beaches, which are currently most preferred by tourists.     

Public Stakeholders' Perception of ICZM and Coastal Erosion in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean area plays a pivotal role within the definition and implementation of regional strategies for integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). Under the umbrella of the Regional Framework Operation BeachMed-e, a research project was carried out in five Mediterranean EU regions (East Macedonia and Thrace in Greece, Lazio, Liguria, and Emilia Romagna in Italy and Languedoc-Roussillon in France), in order to study the different approaches to ICZM that have been applied and also to test new approaches to these regions. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the results of the common surveys conducted in order to investigate the institutional stakeholders’ perception on ICZM in the five Mediterranean regions considered. The results are presented region by region, while comparisons are carried out among regions. Summarizing the results it can be stated that some differences and common problems affecting the coastal decision-makers of the five Mediterranean regions considered were identified. Particularly, stakeholders involved in coastal management generally perceived a lack of collaboration and a poor information exchange in all the regions, resulting sometimes in a lack of awareness on coastal erosion issues.     

Valuing Recreation and Amenities at San Diego County Beaches

Abstract

Policymakers and analysts concerned with coastal issues often need economic value information to evaluate policies that affect beach recreation. This paper presents economic values associated with beach recreation in San Diego County generated from a recreation demand model that explains a beach user's choice of which beach to visit. These include estimates of the economic values of a beach day, beach closures, and beach amenities.     

交通静化技术在步行和自行车交通系统规划中的应用——以咸宁市旅游区为例

为营造和谐、安全、便利的步行和自行车交通出行环境,在咸宁市旅游区步行和自行车交通系统规划中引入交通静化技术。首先,指出交通静化技术的内涵和工程措施。然后,解读咸宁市旅游区空间布局,并着重从安全的角度分析旅游区步行和自行车交通系统现状及步行和自行车交通出行特征。最后,从宏观交通宁静带与交通宁静区划分、中观交通宁静廊道构建及微观交通静化措施应用三个方面对旅游区步行和自行车交通系统进行规划。     

基于活动的旅游出行链选择行为研究

通过对在京旅游的游客进行调查,以游客的个人属性和出游属性作为影响因素,将游客对不同类型活动的时间分配作为前提,对游客的出行链选择行为建立了Multinomial Logit模型。模型分析表明:年龄、职业、出游时间、是否本地游客、对景点是否熟悉以及游客对活动时间的分配等均对出行链选择有显著影响;模型具有较高的精度,为游客出行预测提供了理论依据。     

新疆文化旅游资源与文化产业的发展研究

本文在分析了新疆文化旅游资源优势和劣势之后,认为民俗文化旅游资源作为区域特色鲜明的文化资源,是发展区域文化产业的重要资本。在落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的基础上,以科技为支撑,以创新为支点,将民俗文化资源产业化是文化产业发展的重要途径之一,并给出了民俗文化产业发展的几点建议。     

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旅游交通可达性分析能够为区域旅游交通规划提供理论依据,而高速铁路的开通将直接改变区域旅游交通可达性格局.本文采用加权平均旅行时间作为节点城市旅游交通可达性的评价指标,利用Arc GIS可视化平台分析旅游交通可达性空间格局,获取高铁开通前后云南省旅游交通可达性的演变特征.在此基础上,对公路、铁路、航空和高铁的权重进行灵敏度分析,辨识出旅游交通可达性对各种交通方式权重的敏感度.结果表明:高铁途经的各城市客源地到达云南的旅游交通可达性水平均有大幅提升,旅游交通可达性的时空收敛效应显著,省外城市到达昆明的旅游交通可达性对铁路权重的敏感度较大;高铁开通之后,云南省旅游交通可达性格局总体呈现以昆明为中心向外围区域递减的"核心—外围"模式;高铁开通前后,云南省内旅游交通可达性的变化幅度较小,地区间的总体差异也不断缩小,省内高铁途经城市的旅游交通可达性对高铁权重的敏感度较大.     

基于手机信令数据的旅游交通出行网络特性

为了合理开展面向区域城市群的旅游交通协同规划,以江浙沪皖地区的18个主要旅游城市为例,基于入境旅游者的手机信令数据构建了城市间的旅游出行网络,并运用节点结构指标和网络结构指标对其进行评价,定量分析了入境旅游客流在城市间的空间分布特征。研究结果表明：上海、杭州和南京等城市在区域旅游交通规划中起着重要的引领作用;连云港、徐州和盐城等城市需加强与核心城市之间构建高效的出行路径;城际间便捷的综合交通出行网络对于提升区域旅游的整体竞争力发挥着重要作用。     

大众旅游新时代旅游公路服务设施理论与设计方法

在系统梳理国内外关于公路服务设施,尤其是旅游公路服务设施研究成果的基础上,结合目前国内交旅融合进程中旅游公路服务设施初期探索成果及存在的主要问题,从旅游公路服务设施的基本定义及内涵入手,基于行为心理、出行需求、社会价值等视角,提出旅游公路服务设施的主要形成机理和类型划分。将高速公路旅游服务设施创新性地划分为两种主要类型,并针对每种类型服务设施的交旅融合设计思路、设计要点和方法进行详细阐述。在已有普通旅游公路服务设施研究成果的基础上,根据新时期旅游公路出行特点及需求补充了观景港湾停车带和露营地,使其更系统、更全面,同时还提出了普通旅游公路服务设施在整体空间布局、合理规模及空间设置形式等方面的具体设计要求。