二级公路改扩建为高速公路设计关键问题探讨

结合改扩建工程的设计工作,对二级公路改扩建为高速公路设计关键问题进行探讨,提出了合理的解决措施。指出此类公路改扩建设计成功的重要保证是注重既有道路评价及细节设计,灵活运用技术指标。     

清单计价模式下有标底与无标底投标报价探讨

结合铁路工程招投标文件范本，通过对有标底投标报价和无标底投标报价的对比分析，认为无标底招标比有标底招标更具优点，也是建筑工程招投标的发展趋势，值得大力推行和采用，同时建议施工企业测定编写企业定额，并给出了无标底招标模式下投标报价的最基本方法。     

Optimization models to characterize the broadcast capacity of vehicular ad hoc networks

Broadcast capacity of the entire network is one of the fundamental properties of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It measures how efficiently the information can be transmitted in the network and usually it is limited by the interference between the concurrent transmissions in the physical layer of the network. This study defines the broadcast capacity of vehicular ad hoc network as the maximum successful concurrent transmissions. In other words, we measure the maximum number of packets which can be transmitted in a VANET simultaneously, which characterizes how fast a new message such as a traffic incident can be transmitted in a VANET. Integer programming (IP) models are first developed to explore the maximum number of successful receiving nodes as well as the maximum number of transmitting nodes in a VANET. The models embed an traffic flow model in the optimization problem. Since IP model cannot be efficiently solved as the network size increases, this study develops a statistical model to predict the network capacity based on the significant parameters in the transportation and communication networks. MITSIMLab is used to generate the necessary traffic flow data. Response surface method and linear regression technologies are applied to build the statistical models. Thus, this paper brings together an array of tools to solve the broadcast capacity problem in VANETs. The proposed methodology provides an efficient approach to estimate the performance of a VANET in real-time, which will impact the efficacy of travel decision making.     

利用EXCEL智能化修船套料下料单

提高下料的准确性和快速性是修船企业应对修船短、频、快的特点和提高钢材的利用率以加强成本控制减少浪费的重要途径之一。本文运用EXCEL的计算功能模块来优化设计钢材的套料和下料单,以达到准确和快速掌握钢材的使用状况和统计数据的目的。     

CGX巡洋舰多学科设计优化模型的再分析

传统的设计螺旋方法由于割裂了学科间耦合,得到的设计往往是满足设计要求的设计而不是最优的设计.多学科设计优化(MDO)方法正是一种能得到最优设计的新设计方法,MDO目前被广泛应用于复杂工程系统的设计中.文中对多学科设计优化的理论进行了简要综述,在此基础上为了演示MDO方法应用于舰船设计,采用iSIGHT对国外的CGX巡洋舰概念设计的13个模块进行了集成,建立了MDO模型并优化,得到了较好的优化解.在此基础上采用神经网络重新建立了该MDO模型,将优化结果和原MDO模型优化结果进行了比较.     

Scantling optimization based on convex linearizations and a dual approach—Part II

The development of the LBR-5 “Stiffened Panels Software” is included in the development of a new design methodology to ease and to improve preliminary studies of naval structures and floating hydraulic structures. It allows, as of the first draft, an optimization of the scantling of the structure's constituent elements. The ultimate target is to link standard design tools (steel structure CAD, hull form, hydrostatic curves, floating stability, weight estimation, etc.) with a rational optimization design module and a minimum construction cost (or minimum weight) objective function. It is developed to be a user-oriented tool. The optimization module is composed of three basic modules (OPTI, CONSTRAINT and COST) and a group of sub-modules (in external databases). Among these the user selects a set of relevant sub-modules (i.e. geometrical and structural constraints). Since the present optimization deals with least construction costs (as objective function), and uses an explicit objective function (not empirical), the user must specify labor costs (unitary material costs, welding, cutting, etc.). This paper is the second part of a series of two articles. The previous paper focused on the ‘Module-Oriented Optimization’ methodology and on the rational constraints (Rigo, Marine Structures 2001). This paper presents the optimization algorithm based on convex linearization and a dual approach (OPTI module). It also includes the optimization of a FSO unit as a detailed example.     

一种带多约束的船体分段点集数据分析方法

为了达到船体分段建造的精度要求,船体分段的测量点集与设计点集的数据分析技术是关键。在船舶领域中,传统的点集数据分析方法没有考虑多种船舶约束,因此数据分析出来的结果与实际结果相差较大。针对此情况,提出一种考虑多种船舶约束的数据分析方法。首先采用基于高斯混合模型(GMM)的相干点漂移法(CPD)算法,获得数据分析初值;然后利用权值向量实现对不同方向上精度要求的误差分配,同时把垂直度、平面性和水平度等多种工程约束引入数据分析的多优化目标函数中,通过调整多约束权值,求解出更合理的数据分析结果。实例表明,该方法在满足多种船舶约束的情况下,可获得更合理的数据分析结果,为后续的合拢搭载提供一定依据。     

基于粒子群优化支持向量机的水面无人艇故障诊断

通过故障诊断可以对水面无人艇可能要发生的故障进行预报、分析和判断,从而及时调整控制策略以抑制故障的继续发展,为消除故障、维修设备提供准确的技术支持.SVM是基于统计学习理论的一种机器学习方法,常用于故障诊断,在解决小样本、高维度、非线性模式识别问题中有独特优势.SVM分类的准确率由其属性参数直接决定,而最佳的属性参数往往很难直接得到.基于粒子群优化SVM(PSO-SVM)的水面无人艇故障诊断方法,即将粒子群优化算法(PSO)用于SVM属性参数的优化选择中,充分发挥了PSO算法的全局搜索能力和易于实现的优势.水面无人艇故障诊断实例分析结果表明,PSO-SVM的故障诊断精度高于BP-NNs、GS-SVM、GA-SVM。PSO-SVM适用于水面无人艇故障诊断.     

Pre-timed control for an under-saturated and over-saturated isolated intersection: a Bee Colony Optimization approach

In this paper we study the problem of determining the optimum cycle and phase lengths for isolated signalized intersections. Calculation of the optimal cycle and green phase lengths is based on the minimization of the average control delay experienced by all vehicles that arrive at the intersection within a given time period. We consider under-saturated as well as over-saturated conditions at isolated intersections. The defined traffic signal timing problem, that belongs to the class of combinatorial optimization problems, is solved using the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) metaheuristic approach. The BCO is a biologically inspired method that explores collective intelligence applied by honey bees during the nectar collecting process. The numerical experiments performed on some examples show that the proposed approach is competitive with other methods. The obtained results show that the proposed approach is capable of generating high-quality solutions within negligible processing times.     

基于邻域培植遗传算法的半潜式平台生活楼肘板优化研究

随着半潜式平台的大型化发展,平台生活楼开始参与平台总体变形,在角隅等不连续位置易产生应力集中现象,从而影响平台结构安全。为改善生活楼与主平台甲板连接角隅处的应力集中问题,本文分析了影响生活楼与甲板连接区域危险的波浪工况及应力水平;在应力集中区域,设置连接肘板,并对肘板的尺寸和形状进行参数化建模,基于领域培植遗传算法进行多目标优化求解,分析不同权重比下的优化结果;结合规范要求的典型设计波工况,对优化后的肘板在不同工况下的应力集中改善效果进行评价。本文的相关的优化流程和分析方法可为海洋平台局部结构的优化设计提供一定的参考