海事重点监管船舶定位系统黄浦江水域应用研究

海事重点监管船舶定位系统是针对上海黄浦江闵行段水域海事重点监管船舶逃逸问题而建设应用的系统。该系统前端设备独立性强,携带、装卸方便,应用功能尤其是报警功能全面及时可靠,已在黄浦江闵行段水域的海事监管应用中取得良好的效果,但仍存在硬件性能不足、定制化功能待完善、应用管理机制未建立等问题。文中针对该系统存在的问题提出了提高硬件性能、完善定制化应用功能及建立完善应用管理机制等建议,以期为海事重点船舶防逃逸监管提供一种高效、完善的解决方案。     

基于有向图卷积神经网络的交通预测与拥堵管控

为解决城市快速路正面临的日益严重的交通拥堵问题,提出了一种针对城市快速路的基于有向图卷积神经网络的交通预测与拥堵管控方法,该方法能够有效利用海量交通数据进行交通预测,实现拥堵的主动管控。首先,基于交通路网的空间有向性和交通流的时空特性,定义了有向的距离影响矩阵、修正欧式距离矩阵和自由流可达矩阵,构建出有向的图卷积算子,并将其应用于长短时记忆神经网络模型中,提出了能学习交通路网时空双重特性的有向图卷积-长短时记忆神经网络（Directed Graph Convolution-LSTM,DGC-LSTM）模型;其次,基于DGC-LSTM的交通预测结果识别出拥堵产生点并将其作为拥堵管控的对象;再次,采用控制进口匝道车辆输入快速路主线的手段,针对管控对象的时空特征,设计了全圈层分时段阶梯式拥堵管控策略;最后,基于上海市快速路网上布设的2 712个检测器在122个工作日每间隔5 min记录的速度、流量和占有率信息,开展实例分析,测试了DGC-LSTM模型的预测精度以及全圈层分时段阶梯式拥堵管控策略的有效性。结果表明：与传统的循环神经网络、长短时记忆神经网络相比,DGC-LSTM模型具有更高的预测精度,能将速度预测的平均绝对误差和误差标准差分别降低38%和20%以上;基于预测结果采用的全圈层分时段阶梯式拥堵管控策略能令拥堵产生点的速度提升14 km·h^-1以上,并能使拥堵的持续时长缩短40%,可阻止拥堵从产生点开始发生大范围的蔓延,降低整个路网的拥塞程度。     

水力式升船机单井塔柱内对拉钢索优化布置

单井型塔柱结构极大改善了水力式升船机竖井水位同步性问题,但随着提升高度增大,竖井内水深越大,侧壁位移、弯矩过大等问题更加突出。以150米级单井塔柱为例,提出了竖井内布置对拉钢索的设想和简化布置方案。基于钢索拉力权重分配系数的优化方法,取得了钢索等应力的密度分布最优解,并离散转化为等效的等荷载布置方案,可在实际工程中应用。经有限元模型结果对比分析,等荷载布置与简化方案相比,最大位移可减小47.44%,纵竖向弯矩极值差别不大。与无钢索方案比较,最大位移、纵向弯矩、竖向弯矩可分别减小93.5%、74.36%、75.84%。高强钢索预应力方案值得进一步研究。     

引江济淮工程派河口船闸通航水流条件及改善措施

派河口船闸是引江济淮派河口枢纽重要组成部分,位于派河入巢湖口门段,建设条件复杂。综合已有工程、河道边界和相关规划,提出了复线船闸平面布置初拟方案。采用定床河工模型试验的技术手段对船闸下游引航道与口门区通航水流条件开展了详尽研究,探明了节制闸泄洪时下游通航水域纵向和横向表面流速、流态特征,分析了通航水流条件不满足规范要求的原因,指出可通过岸线平顺、新开泄洪分流通道和控制临界安全泄洪流量等措施进行改善。优化后的方案可满足设计要求,为工程设计和今后运行管理提供技术支撑。     

32t轴重机车转向架设计方案及动力学性能分析

为了设计32t轴重机车3轴转向架,采用多刚体动力学软件SIMPACK建立了6轴机车动力学模型,先比较了单拉杆和双拉杆轴箱定位方式对机车非线性稳定性、直线运行性能和曲线通过性能的影响,研究表明机车单拉杆轴箱定位方案在直线速度60km/h以下和曲线半径小于400m时,比双拉杆轴箱定位方案具有优势;机车双拉杆轴箱定位方案在运行速度高于60km/h,曲线半径大于400m时,优于单拉杆轴箱定位方案。然后比较了单牵引杆和中心销牵引方式对机车轴重转移、直线运行性能和曲线通过性能的影响,结果说明单牵引杆可以实现最佳黏着利用率94.12%,但是采用中心销牵引方式,机车的黏着利用率也达到92%。两种机车牵引方案直线和曲线通过动力学性能差别甚微。     

含煤层采空等不良地质的大断面软岩隧道施工技术

以庆兴隧道进口施工为例,介绍含煤层采空等不良地质的大断面软岩隧道施工处理技术,为同类隧道施工提供借鉴经验。     

Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan     

Tuning of transfer functions for analysis of wave–ship interactions

Transfer functions are often used together with a wave spectrum for analysis of wave–ship interactions, where one application addresses the prediction of wave-induced motions or other types of global responses. This paper presents a simple and practical method which can be used to tune the transfer function of such responses to facilitate improved prediction capability. The input to the method consists of a measured response, i.e. time series sequences from a given sensor, the 2D wave spectrum characterising the seaway in which the measurements are taken, and an initial estimate of the transfer function for the response in study. The paper presents results obtained using data from an in-service container ship. The 2D wave spectra are taken from the ERA5 database, while the transfer function is computed by a simple closed-form expression. The paper shows that the application of the tuned transfer function leads to predictions which are significantly improved compared to using the transfer function without tuning.     

基于ANN的船舶撞击高桩码头群桩损伤位置预测

本文采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了船舶撞击高桩码头群桩的空间有限元模型。通过计算评估了撞击力、桩体刚度、撞击位置和撞击角度下对群桩结构损伤位置的影响。基于人工神经网络(ANN)方法,对不同参数组合下的群桩结构损伤位置进行了预测,并对ANN方法的可行性进行了评估。     

考虑横向漂移的船舶路径跟踪自抗扰控制

针对船舶运动系统中内部动态不确定和外部干扰等问题,进行了欠驱动船舶路径跟踪的自抗扰方法研究。利用Backstepping设计参考航向角,并通过线性扩张状态观测器对流干扰和横向运动引起的横向漂移进行估计。其次,根据自抗扰算法对航向进行控制,采用线性扩张状态观测器对外界干扰及内部不确定项进行估计。最后仿真结果表明,在风流干扰下所设计的控制器仍能使船准确地跟踪上参考路径,验证了所提控制方案的有效性。