Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port

Exhaust emissions cause air pollution and climate change. The exhausts of shipboard fuel combustion are equally damaging particularly, so close to the environmentally sensitive mainland and island coasts, as well as at ports due to their urbanized character. This paper estimates, for the first time, exhaust pollutants related to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port and, in an island context. Emission assessment is based on a full bottom-up model and messages transmitted by the Automatic Identification System during 2011. Results are described as a breakdown of NOx, SOx, PM_2.5, CO and CO₂, according to ship classes, operative type and time, providing valuable information to environmental policy makers in port-city areas and islands under similar conditions. It is generally concluded that vessel traffic and passenger shipping in particular are a source of air pollution in Las Palmas Port. Emission maps confirm location of hot spots in quays assigned for cruise and ferry operations. Policy recommendations encourage regular monitoring of exhaust emissions and market-based incentives supported by details on polluting and operative profiles. On the other hand, feasibility studies are suggested for automated mooring, LNG bunkering facilities and also shore-side energy services, prioritizing berthing of shipping sectors (or sub-sectors) with the highest share of exhaust emissions once their local effects have been confirmed by a dispersion, exposure and impact assessment.     

Numerical modelling of hydrodynamic responses of Ocean Farm 1 in waves and current and validation against model test measurements

With the continuous growing of the aquaculture industry and increasingly limited fish farming sites at close to shore areas both in Norway and worldwide, there is a need to develop fish farms suitable for aquaculture production in typical offshore environments. For this purpose, SALMAR has developed and deployed the Ocean Farm 1 facility for offshore fish farming.The main purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable numerical model and investigate the motion responses of the Ocean Farm 1 structure in waves and current. The established numerical model consists of the Ocean Farm 1's frame structure (with rigidly-connected circular column components), the net and the mooring system. The hydrodynamic external loads and coefficients of the frame structure are obtained by using potential flow theory. The quadratic drag load on the individual circular columns of the frame structure is formulated by a given drag coefficient. The loads on the net are formulated by using the screen model, where the Reynold number dependent lift and drag forces are formulated as a function of the solidity ratio Sn of the net, relative inflow angle and velocity. The hydrodynamic loads on the mooring lines are formulated using the Morison's equation and the structural responses of the mooring lines are obtained using a nonlinear FE model.With the developed numerical model, time domain simulations are performed. The simulation results are firstly validated against measured data from the decay tests, current tests, and regular wave tests. After the validation, numerical simulations are performed in different irregular wave and current combined weather conditions and the obtained motion response of Ocean Farm 1 are discussed and compared with available measurement data.     

关于带闭链工业机器人的动力学建模研究

本文在以影响系数矩阵为基础进行带闭链机器人的动力学方程推导时，采用了符号一数值方法。在计算机上获得一，二阶影响系数矩阵和动力学方程中各矩阵元素的最简解近表达式，解决了当分支的广义坐标数不等于６时出现的长方形（奇异）矩阵求逆的解析表达问题。在ＶＡＸ机上偏制调试出了该方法应的软件，并应用于一个带单闭链地的的孤焊机械手的动力学建模。     

城市人行天桥美学造型简析

主要阐述城市人行天桥的造型与景观的关系,城市人行天桥造型中的城市美学以及对人行天桥美学设计的认识,提出从造型与景观角度塑造城市人行天桥的观点.对城市建设有一定的应用价值.     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

Quasi steady-state aerodynamic model development for race vehicle simulations

Presented in this paper is a procedure to develop a high fidelity quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for use in race car vehicle dynamic simulations. Developed to fit quasi steady-state wind tunnel data, the aerodynamic model is regressed against three independent variables: front ground clearance, rear ride height, and yaw angle. An initial dual range model is presented and then further refined to reduce the model complexity while maintaining a high level of predictive accuracy. The model complexity reduction decreases the required amount of wind tunnel data thereby reducing wind tunnel testing time and cost. The quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for the pitch moment degree of freedom is systematically developed in this paper. This same procedure can be extended to the other five aerodynamic degrees of freedom to develop a complete six degree of freedom quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for any vehicle.     

车削加工物理仿真技术研究

提出获得工件廓形的“三瞬心成形法”,建立多误差作用下车削加工工件精度预测数理模型,可预测实际加工工件表面变化趋势,可显示工件在任一位置的加工精度。     

用Petri网对轨道区段和列车的建模研究

应用Petri网理论对轨道区段和列车的运行进行建模,为行车指挥提供了一个系统模拟和仿真的框架.作者在国内首次将Petri网应用于行车指挥自动化的研究,为列车的运行调整提供了列车及轨道区段的模型.     

基于HYSYS的船用双燃料发动机高压供气系统仿真

采用高压喷射气体燃料的低速二冲程LNG/柴油双燃料发动机对供气系统的供气能力及系统可靠性提出了较高要求,在高压供气系统的初始设计中对设计参数和设备选型等进行校核与评估尤为基础和必要。以针对某25000DWT LNG动力散货船设计的高压供气系统为例,采用油气系统工艺过程仿真软件Aspen HYSYS和换热器仿真单元软件Shell Tube Exchanger对系统在典型负荷下的工艺过程进行仿真,通过仿真值与设计值的对比,对高压供气系统的设计及设备选型进行分析。分析结果表明,高压供气系统的供气能力满足系统的设计要求,LNG高压气化/加热器的选型满足换热能力的要求且具有一定冗余。     

贵阳花溪苗圃二号大型连拱隧道数值计算

使用Abaqus有限元软件对贵阳花溪苗圃二号隧道的施工方案进行施工模拟计算。通过使用一系列数值分析技术,例如应力释放等,在有限元中体现了新奥法的设计理念。并且从分析结果中揭示了部分连拱隧道的特点,通过与监测数据对比得到了一些有价值的结论。