Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

氨氮废水处理技术发展现状

结合不同浓度氨氮废水的水质特点,评述了近二三十年来国内外主要的除氮技术,包括折点氯化法、吹脱法、离子交换法、化学沉淀法等物理化学法,以及传统生物处理技术和新型生物处理技术,如厌氧氨氧化、短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化等,并指出以上处理技术的适用条件及其优缺点和氨氮废水处理技术今后的发展趋势。     

液固耦合作用对不同截面深水桥墩的自振特性影响研究

介绍了深水桥墩液固耦合模型在ANSYS软件中模型的建立。利用Morison方程提出的附加质量概念考虑动水压力对桥墩作用,采用3种截面积相等的不同类型桥墩,即淹没水深相同时,所受动水压力相等。利用ANSYS建立实体单元与Fluid30单元来分析液固耦合作用对不同类型桥墩的自振特性影响。通过实例分析发现液固耦合对桥墩自振频率的影响是显著的,桥墩完全被水淹没时,其自振频率最大下降了24.2%。进一步研究发现相同截面面积的不同类型的桥墩,在相同水深时,由于其液固耦合接触面沿坐标轴方向上的正投影面积大小不一样,造成桥墩沿该方向上自振频率下降量大不相同。且沿坐标轴方向正截面面积越大,桥墩沿该轴方向上的弯曲自振频率和扭曲自振频率下降越大。     

交叉迭代算法求解车辆-轨道非线性耦合方程的收敛性讨论

运用有限元法建立车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统动力分析模型,该模型将车辆-轨道系统以轮轨接触为界限分成车辆,轨道两个子系统并通过轮轨接触力的平衡和位移协调条件耦合在一起。通过交叉迭代算法分别求解车辆,轨道系统的运动方程,此时每一步都需要判断使之满足轮轨几何相容条件和相互作用力平衡条件,这样对时间步长的选取要求较高,但是如果时间步长超过某一限值,易于导致迭代失败。引入了修正因子对轮轨接触力进行修正,这不仅可以放宽对时间步长的选取,还能加速收敛,提高计算效率。为验证算法的正确性,不仅进行了算例验证,还给出了引入修正因子的交叉迭代算法求解车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统动力学方程的算例,算例中考虑了不同的时间步长和不同的修正因子对交叉迭代算法收敛速度的影响。计算结果表明引入修正因子的交叉迭代算法具有程序编制简单、收敛速度快、用时少、精度高的优点。     

基于流固耦合模型的负压式EGR阀传热研究

采用CFD方法,建立了由阀体和阀体内的流体组成的负压式EGR阀的流固耦合传热仿真模型,进行了流体与固体之间的共轭传热仿真。仿真及试验结果表明,在上阀体设计冷却水道,有助于改善阀体的换热状况,能很好地满足安装在上阀体的密封环以及其他附件工作温度要求。     

流固耦合振动流体边界元拟湿模态综合法

本文用流体边界元结合結构模态综合技术对大型结构的流固耦合问题的计算方法进行了研究。基于对用常数边界元计算附连水质量的物理意义的研究,并结合结构部分的计算,提出了一种假设的模态——拟湿模态。数值计算表明,本文的理论结果有足够的精度。     

潜艇结构振动声辐射数值计算

采用有限元／边界元法对潜艇水下辐射噪声特性进行了研究。依据潜艇各种真实的结构尺寸和设备参数，利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了接近于真实潜艇的有限元模型，并利用该模型来计算潜艇在水下低速航行时200Hz以下频率段的辐射噪声。首先计算了潜艇在电机激励时非耐压壳体表面节点的位移，然后将计算所得的位移结果转换成节点速度导入SYSNOISE边界元模型，以作为边界元计算时的边界条件来研究潜艇的辐射噪声，最后将计算结果与实际测量结果进行了对比，结果显示，在63Hz以下的准确性较高，而在63—200Hz频率段的误差则较大。     

减轻列车轮轨横向动力作用的技术措施

基于铁道车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论及仿真分析系统，分析了机车车辆悬挂参数、结构参数及轨道结构参数对轮轨横向相互作用的影响，在此基础上提出了降低轮轨横向动力作用的技术措施：（1）一系水平定位刚度（纵向和横向刚度）对轮轨横向动力作用影响较大，刚度值选取的基本设计原则是，在充分满足运动稳定性的前提下，尽可能降低刚度值；（2）二系水平（包括纵向和横向）刚度对轮轨横向动力作用影响不明显，设计时，应更多地考虑机车车辆的平稳性；（3）簧下质量对轮轨横向动力作用影响较大，较小簧下质量，将使轮轨横向动力作用得到显著的降低；（4）较低的扣件横向刚度、扣件垂向刚度及道床横向刚度等参数值将有利于降低轮轨横向动力作用。     

Quantitative estimation of the influence of surface thermal fronts over chlorophyll concentration at the Patagonian shelf

Eighteen-year (1985–2002) mean monthly SST Pathfinder data with 9 km spatial resolution have been used to estimate surface gradients by finite differences. Then the seasonal climatological means have been calculated from the intensity of these gradients, and surface thermal fronts present in the Patagonian Continental Shelf (PCS) have been located. Moreover, 6 years (1998–2003) of SeaWiFS data with approximately 4 km spatial resolution have been used to estimate monthly composite images of surface chlorophyll concentration, after which seasonal climatological means distributions have been generated. Both seasonal distributions have been analyzed together and by combining the knowledge of oceanographic processes and phytoplankton responses to light and nutrient availability, regions where the presence of a thermal front affects photosynthetic activity have been identified. Subjective criteria have been applied to define eighteen areas where phytoplankton biomass is influenced by the presence of a thermal front. In these areas, the surface chlorophyll (spatial mean and total), its relationship with the surface chlorophyll of the whole region, and the seasonal evolution of this relationship have been calculated. All frontal areas cover less than 15% of the total surface, but they contribute with over 23% of the phytoplankton annual mean biomass. Considered as a group, during summer they show high chlorophyll values very similar to those in spring. During the cold period, when the water column is vertically mixed in practically the whole of PCS, the influence of physical fronts over the biological production is minimum. The frontal zone image remains clearly defined during summer, when approximately 85% of the area will have a determined mean chlorophyll concentration, while the other 15% has a 2.45 times larger value. While three pattern trends have been identified in the frontal areas, only two of them condition the pattern of the group, due to their horizontal extension.     

一种分析线天线互耦的新方法

天线之间的耦合影响是短波通信台站建设中必须考虑的一个重要因素，采用SuperNEC（Super Numerical Electmmagnetics Code）线数值计算软件与微波网络理论相结合的方法分析了短波线天线之问的耦合影响。该方法先将多天线系统等效为微波网络，然后通过SuperNEC仿真软件得出天线分布电流并计算出等效网络的导纳矩阵Y，利用该导纳矩阵Y就可得到天线之间的耦合度。分析证明该方法理论正确。并且对多天线的安装布局有重要的指导作用。