公路景观生态设计研究

结合公路景观设计的具体情况,阐述公路景观生态设计的基本内涵及主要研究内容,分析公路景观生态设计与传统公路景观设计的主要区别,从节约资源、生态恢复、生物多样性、文化生态与文化多样性以及公众参与等5方面分析公路景观生态设计的思路和方法。将文化生态的概念引入公路景观设计中,并对公路景观设计中的文化生态与文化多样性进行重点分析。     

海水腐蚀、海生物污损与船舶营运经济性

文章介绍了船舶由于海水腐蚀和海生物污损,使船体表面粗糙度增加及降低船舶营运的经济性,提出了降低船体表面粗糙度、提高营运经济性的防蚀措施。     

通辽铁路分局3种中水回用工艺的综合分析

中水回用是污水资源化的有效措施 ,且潜力巨大。通辽分局采用的曝气生物过滤、膜生物及生物接触氧化 3种中水回用工艺 ,各具特点。综合工艺流程、工程投资、占地面积、处理成本、处理效果、操作管理及经济效益等几项要素 ,认为 :曝气生物过滤中水回用工艺可作为推荐工艺。建议通过改进工艺 ,降低造价 ,争取政策倾斜以推广中水回用     

Extended applications of track irregularity probabilistic model and vehicle–slab track coupled model on dynamics of railway systems

Track irregularities are inevitably in a process of stochastic evolution due to the uncertainty and continuity of wheel–rail interactions. For depicting the dynamic behaviours of vehicle–track coupling system caused by track random irregularities thoroughly, it is a necessity to develop a track irregularity probabilistic model to simulate rail surface irregularities with ergodic properties on amplitudes, wavelengths and probabilities, and to build a three-dimensional vehicle–track coupled model by properly considering the wheel–rail nonlinear contact mechanisms. In the present study, the vehicle–track coupled model is programmed by combining finite element method with wheel–rail coupling model firstly. Then, in light of the capability of power spectral density (PSD) in characterising amplitudes and wavelengths of stationary random signals, a track irregularity probabilistic model is presented to reveal and simulate the whole characteristics of track irregularity PSD. Finally, extended applications from three aspects, that is, extreme analysis, reliability analysis and response relationships between dynamic indices, are conducted to the evaluation and application of the proposed models.     

人脐血CD_3AK细胞生物活性及抗瘤作用的实验研究

目的　应用抗CD3单克隆抗体(CD3McAb)和重组人白细胞介素- 2(rhIL- 2)共同诱导人脐血单个核细胞以制备CD3AK细胞,动态观察其体外增殖能力、杀伤活性、免疫表型变化及分泌细胞因子水平。方法　用台盼蓝活细胞计数计算细胞扩增倍数,MTT法测定细胞杀伤活性,间接免疫荧光法分析细胞免疫表型,ELISA双抗夹心法检测肿瘤坏死因子- α(TNF- α)、干扰素 -γ(IFN- γ)、白细胞介素 -6(IL- 6)的水平。结果　脐血CD3AK细胞在第2周增殖能力最强,增殖倍数为78.56;培养至第12天的脐血CD3AK细胞杀伤活性最高,并对多种靶细胞的杀伤作用显著;表型分析脐血CD3AK细胞属异质性细胞群,培养第7、14 天,群体中 CD3+、CD8+、CD25+、CD38+、CD16+及 CD56+ 细胞较培养前显著增加(P<0.01); CD3 AK细胞培养至第 3 天的上清中 TNF -α、IFN -γ、IL -6 水平明显升高。结论　脐血CD3AK细胞是一种具有广谱杀瘤活力且增殖活性强的免疫细胞。本研究为脐血 CD3 AK细胞的免疫治疗提供了实验和理论依据。     

混凝—接触氧化工艺处理海产品加工废水

通过混凝处理和投优势菌群的接触氧化法对海产品加工废水的处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明以聚合氯化铝结合聚合硫酸铁的混凝对废水进行前处理效果较好；经处理后的海产品加工废水的ＣＯＤＣｒ、ＢＯＤ５、ＮＨ４－Ｎ、ＳＳ、色度等指标均可达到国家一级排放标准。     

Urban delivery industry response to cordon pricing, time-distance pricing, and carrier-receiver policies in competitive markets

The paper develops a set of analytical formulations to study the behavior of the urban delivery industry in response to cordon time-of-day pricing, time-distance pricing, and comprehensive financial policies targeting carriers and receivers. This is accomplished by modeling the behavior of receivers in response to financial incentives, and the ensuing behavior of the carrier in response to both pricing and the receivers’ decisions concerning off-hour deliveries. The analytical formulations consider both the base case condition, and a mixed operation with both regular hour and off-hour deliveries; two pricing schemes: cordon time of day, and time-distance pricing; two types of operations: single-tour, and multi-tour carriers; and three different scenarios in terms of profitability of the carrier operation, which include an approximation to the best case, the expected value, and the worst case. The analyses, both theoretical and numerical, highlight the limitations of pricing-only approaches. In the case of cordon time of day pricing, the chief conclusion is that it is of limited use as a freight demand management tool because: (1) in a competitive market the cordon toll cannot be transferred to the receivers as it is a fixed cost and (2) the structure of the cost function, that only provides an incentive to the carrier to switch to the off-hours when all the receivers in the tour switch to the off-hours. The analyses of time-distance pricing clearly indicate that, though its tolls could be transferred to the receivers and provide an incentive for behavior change, the magnitude of the expected toll transfers under real life conditions are too small to have any meaningful impact on receivers choice of delivery times. In essence, the key policy implication is that in order to change the joint behavior of carrier and receivers, financial incentives—or programs that foster unassisted off-hour deliveries—should be made available to receivers in exchange for their commitment to do off-hour deliveries. As the paper proves, if a meaningful number of receivers switch to the off-hours, the carriers are likely to follow suit.     

农业废弃物壳类物质在水处理中的应用和展望

壳类物质属于农业废弃物,是重要的可再生资源.首先对壳类物质的成分和结构进行了说明,进而综述了其在水处理中作为生物因载、吸附剂、过滤以及制备活性炭等方向的研究现状,最后指出了壳类物质在应用过程中存在的问题和今后的研究方向.     

生物强化技术深度降解含高氯、高盐污水COD、NH_3-N的中试研究

国内某化学工业园污水厂主要处理氯碱厂高含氯、含盐污水和化肥厂氨氮污水。二沉池出水经过生物强化技术深度处理后,出水COD平均值为46.8 mg/L,NH_3-N为1.43 mg/L,出水可稳定控制在《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准内。该技术具有良好的可控性,耐冲击负荷能力强,处理效果好,运行稳定,与常规生物治理技术相结合,可使得该技术在废水处理中显示出独特的作用。     

自身免疫病的生物学治疗进展

临床工作中,自身免疫病的治疗极具挑战性,传统上采用的糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂等化学药品治疗虽然有效,但长期使用都不可避免的带来很多毒副作用。近10余年来,基于该病发病机制中不同环节的特异性生物学治疗成为热点,它们的应用使治疗过程能够终止自身免疫反应的破坏作用而又不伤害正常的免疫防御系统成为可能。