城市道路检查井结构破坏原因分析

通过对杭州市城市道路检查井及周边路面破坏情况进行调查,对沉陷量、破坏范围等进行测量,采用有限元分析在交通荷载作用下检查井应力变化规律。结果表明,在交通荷载作用过程中,在井盖砼垫层边缘会出现较大的拉应力,同时在井座砼垫层和砌体外边缘处路面面层内会出现反复剪切应力。循环交通荷载、垫层拉应力以及反复剪切应力是导致垫层破碎和路面开裂的主要原因。     

拱形索塔的空间稳定性分析

拱形索塔是斜拉桥塔柱的一种新形式,矢跨比较大使其有别于一般的拱结构。文中分析了拱承斜拉桥索塔稳定性影响因素,并比较了非线性因素影响,探讨了拉索非保向力对索塔侧倾的作用。     

Long-term correlation structure of wave loads using simulation

This paper proposes a new method for combining the lifetime wave-induced sectional forces and moments that are acting on the ship structure. The method is based on load simulation and can be used to determine the exceedance probabilities of any linear and nonlinear long-term load combination. It can also be used to determine the long-term correlation structure between these loads in the form of the long-term correlation coefficients. They are essential part of the load combination procedures in design and strength evaluations as well as in the fatigue and reliability analysis of ship structures.The simulation method treats the non-stationary wave elevations during the ship’s entire life (long-term) as a sequence of different stationary Gaussian stochastic processes. It uses the rejection sampling technique for the sea state generation, depending on the ship’s current position and the season. Ship’s operational profile is then determined conditional on the current sea state and the ship’s position along its route. The sampling technique significantly reduces the number of sea state-operational profile combinations required for achieving the convergence of the long-term statistical properties of the loads. This technique can even be used in combination with the existing long-term methods in order to reduce the number of required weightings of the short-term CDFs. The simulation method does, however, rely on the assumption that the ship is a linear system, but no assumptions are needed regarding the short-term CDF of the load peaks.The load time series are simulated from the load spectra in each sea state, taking into account the effects of loading condition, heading, speed, seasonality, voluntary as well as involuntary speed reduction in severe sea states and the short-crested nature of the ocean waves. During the simulation procedure, special care has been given to maintaining the correct phase relation between all the loads. Therefore, time series of various load combinations, including the nonlinear ones, can be obtained and their correlation structure examined. The simulation time can be significantly reduced (to the order of minutes rather than hours and days) by introducing the seasonal variations of the ocean waves into a single voyage simulation. The estimate of the long-term correlation coefficient, obtained by simulating only a single voyage with the correct representation of seasonality, approaches the true correlation coefficient in probability. This method can be applied to any ship and any route, or multiple routes as long as the percentage of the ship’s total lifetime spent in each of them is known.A study has been conducted to investigate the effects of ship type, route and the longitudinal position of the loads on the values of the correlation coefficients between six different sectional loads; vertical, horizontal and twisting moments, as well as shear, horizontal and axial forces. Three ocean-going ship types have been considered; bulk carrier, containership and tanker, all navigating on one of the three busy ship routes; North America-Europe, Asia-North America and Asia-Europe. Finally, the correlation coefficient estimates have been calculated for five different positions along the ship’s length to investigate the longitudinal variation of the correlation coefficient.     

Numerical study of ice-induced loads on ship hulls

A numerical model is introduced in this paper to investigate both global and local ice loads on ship hulls. This model is partly based on empirical data, by which the observed phenomena of continuous icebreaking can be well reproduced. In the simulation of a full-scale icebreaking trial, the interdependence between the ice load and the ship’s motion is considered, and the three degree-of-freedom rigid body equations of surge, sway and yaw are solved by numerical integration. The variations in the level ice thickness and in the strength properties of ice can also be taken into account. The simulated ice loads on ship hulls are discussed through two case studies, in which the ship’s performance, the statistics of ice-induced frame loads, and the spatial distribution of ice loads around the hull are analyzed and compared with field measurements. As far as we know the present paper is the first to integrate all the features above. It is hoped that further studies on this numerical model can supplement the field and laboratory measurements in establishing a design basis for the ice-going ships especially for ships navigating in the first-year ice.     

起重船波浪载荷直接计算与规范计算比较研究

采用基于三维频域线性水动力理论的波浪载荷计算软件Wave Loads Calculation System对1 600 t全回转浮吊船进行了波浪载荷计算(主要指垂向弯矩与剪力),得到不同工况下载荷分布的特点.并将计算结果与中国船级社《钢质海船入级规范》中的规范计算结果进行了比较.研究表明:起重船由于其船型、质量分布和载荷工况不同于运输船,规范计算公式无法对其波浪载荷做出合理评估,而采用直接计算方法,能够根据装载状态,较为准确和详细地预报船体波浪载荷及其分布.     

海洋平台栈桥管道应力分析的模拟方法

栈桥是连接海上油气田两个或多个平台间油气水管线、电控线缆和人员通行的通道.平台间在风、波浪、船舶靠泊等荷载作用下会发生相对运动,通过栈桥的管道会承受平台间相对运动产生的位移荷载,管道应力水平是否满足规范要求在应力分析中需要重点考虑.应用CAESAR II软件,结合旅大27-2/32-2油田开发项目栈桥管道柔性计算实例,介绍了栈桥管道应力分析的模拟方法,并根据计算结果对管道布置提出建议和进行优化,为以后栈桥管道的设计提供计算方法和参考.     

番禺34-1CEP平台生活模块防爆墙结构强度分析

分析番禺34-1CEP平台生活模块防爆墙结构以及承受的爆炸载荷,分别应用静力和动力两种方法对防爆墙结构进行强度分析,通过分析比较两种计算结果,提出防爆墙结构强度计算方法的建议。     

黑石岭公路隧道岩爆防治关键技术

结合黑石岭隧道岩爆发生的特点,在分析爆破效果影响因素的基础上,确定了合理的爆破卸压方案和参数,同时耦合支护时机和支护方式,形成了有效的岩爆防治措施,对类似工程有指导借鉴意义.     

在非线性波浪载荷作用下计及多种应力组合时船体总纵弯曲累积损伤计算

在时域内计算计及非线性时的船体总纵弯曲应力,与船体局部弯曲应力迭加后,可得纵向构件中合成应力的时历.对该应力时历进行雨流计数,经统计分析获得应力范围的长期分布,进而算出船体总纵弯曲时纵向构件在多种应力成份组合下的疲劳损伤.为方便此时的计算,本文提出了基于等效规则波概念的简化方法.数例表明按严格方法与按简化方法所得的结果比较接近.     

Time-domain simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions and loads and its applications in ship design

A nonlinear time-domain formulation for ship motions and wave loads and a nonlinear long-term statistics method are presented and applied to the S175 container ship. The general agreement between model tests and numerical results is very satisfactory. The calculated long-term vertical sagging and hogging moments amidships are comparable to those given by DNV rules. The approach described in this paper can be used as a way of more accurately evaluating extreme wave loads and other nonlinear responses in ship design.