公路桥梁荷载试验综述

桥梁荷载试验是桥梁承载力评价中最有效、最直接和最有说服力的方法。通过介绍桥梁静载试验及动载试验的方法和步骤,并对具体的桥梁荷载试验进行分析计算,即可推算出桥梁的承载力状况。     

某型柴油机重大故障原因分析

摘 要：通过对故障柴油机连杆、连杆螺栓、平衡块螺栓、排气阀、排气阀导管、活塞、缸套等失效件的理化分析,故障柴油机气门间隙的检查,连杆受力分析与气阀的动力学分析及疲劳计算,结果表明：故障柴油机的首断件为排气阀,排气阀断裂的原因是气阀间隙过大造成的,在气阀间隙较大的情况下,阀杆受力大大增加,其疲劳安全系数大大降低。以上理论计算和理化分析的结果为正确判断柴油机的故障提供了有力支持。     

双月池对某援潜救生船运动性能及波面升高的影响

介绍某援潜救生船配设双月池的船型特点,规划双月池和不带月池2种方案来评估双月池开口对援潜救生船船体运动性能的影响。采用三维势流理论对2个方案的运动性能进行计算,得到船体运动响应函数,对船舶运动性能进行短期预报,研究总结双月池效应对援潜救生船运动的影响规律。对比双月池内水面和舷外波面升高的情况,比较两个位置处波面升高的差异性,总结双月池波面升高对潜水钟收放的影响。     

透空式防波堤透浪的数值模拟

基于FLUENT求解器,以N-S方程为控制方程,采用动量源方法及追踪自由面的VOF方法,建立了同时具有造波和消波功能的数值波浪水槽。利用该数值水槽对透空堤的透浪、越浪问题进行数值模拟,并与物理模型试验进行比较,结果表明:数值模拟能较好地复演防波堤越浪、透浪过程。     

单侧边载作用下黏土中单桩负摩阻力特性模型试验研究

桩基础边载作用会在桩周产生负摩阻力,进而危及软土地区高桩码头、人工岛、路基等工程的安全。通过开展黏土中单侧堆载作用下单桩室内模型试验,测定桩身应变、桩顶沉降和水平位移,研究边载作用距离和桩型对桩身轴力及弯矩的影响,探讨桩身负摩阻力、桩顶沉降和水平位移在黏土固结过程中的时间效应。结果表明:边载作用距离对桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩有较大影响;翼板桩会增加桩身最大轴力和最大弯矩;负摩阻力和有效应力系数随时间增长且增速趋缓;增加边载作用距离和添加翼板都会提升桩身中性点位置,在这两组试验中均提升了8.33%。     

船舶螺旋桨作用下直立式码头的护底流速计算

针对船舶螺旋桨对直立式码头的护底冲刷作用愈来愈严重,而我国的港口工程规范中缺乏该类设计的计算的问题,进行了螺旋桨作用下直立式码头的护底流速研究。采用国外各类规范以及相关文献的计算方法,以正在实施的科特迪瓦阿比让扩建项目一期工程为例,对比总结出直立式码头底部的护底冲刷流速的荷兰计算方法和德国计算方法,给直立式码头结构的护底设计提供依据。     

不同间隙比竖井内水流与平衡重二维流固耦合

目前,水力式升船机在国内外尚无投入实际运行,无实际设计、安装、运行经验可循。建立不同间隙比竖井与平衡重之间二维流固耦合数学模型,在非恒定流作用下,对不同间隙比时平衡重上升过程的水动力响应进行动态模拟。得出有利于该类升船机稳定运行的最优间隙比。     

Back-Calculation of Ground Stress Field and Rockburst Analysis for Wunvfeng Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Studying the in-situ stress distribution at a tunnel site is very important to determine surrounding rock characteristics, the engineering design and the construction scheme. By using the multiple linear regression method based on the least square algorithm, the initial geostress field is analyzed and the corresponding regression coefficients are obtained. The ground stress obtained from the proposed back analysis is reasonable and can meet the demands of the engineering applications. From the rockburst risk level distribution diagram, it is speculated that the Wunvfeng tunnel is in the high filed stress area. Field monitoring should be strengthened and emergency plans should be made to cope with the rockburst risks during the construction process. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

The impact of muddy bottoms in ports

Ports are drivers of regional and of countries’ economic development. Most ports are built close to coastlines, where waters are shallower and tend to suffer from deposit sedimentation processes, which reduce depths in operational areas. In presence of shallow waters and sedimentation, ports must decide whether to dredge or not, where both decisions have significant impacts on ports’ annual incomes. Nevertheless, there are seabeds, namely muddy bottoms, in which vessels can navigate with a safety degree. This paper aims at investigating the extent to which the theoretical knowledge of vessel’s control in muddy waters is valid at a certain nautical bottom, as defined by the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (since 2009 the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure but the acronym stays PIANC) and its impact on port economics. To achieve the proposed objective, an email survey was sent to worldwide pilots that manoeuvre ships in muddy waters. The survey validated the theoretical knowledge, showed that navigation in muddy waters is possible, that it can contribute to reduce ports’ operational costs, and that the subject can be rather controversial.     

逆向支撑底模反吊在水中防撞墩台施工中的应用

在航道整治工程中设置的桥梁防撞墩,由于墩台的底部经常设置在常年平均水位之下,无法按常规方法采用底部模板正向支撑系统施工。通过采用逆向支撑底模反吊方案,将钢木组合整体模板吊装入水,墩台分层浇筑的方式进行施工。该方案无需设置围堰,形成干地施工条件,成功解决水下混凝土浇筑和模板拆除难的问题,也解决通航水域狭小、操作空间有限、保证正常通航的问题,具有施工方便、安全性高、墩台施工精度易于控制的优点。