Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

分层饱和土中横向受荷桩动力阻抗分析方法

考虑饱和土的成层性和孔隙流体与土骨架变形的相互作用,用积分变换方法构建盘面和柱面荷载作用下土体与结构动力相互作用影响函数,用边界元方法建立相应的考虑饱和土成层性的地基与桩基础动力相互作用分析方法。以层状饱和土中横向受荷桩动力阻抗分析表明分析方法的可行性。     

带功率因数补偿的单相半控桥整流器(一)

介绍了绘制正弦线电流的开关模式单相半控桥整流器,用它来获得功率因数补偿并保持直流环节电压的恒定.在该整流器中使用4个有源开关,以便在交流端电压上产生单极脉宽调制(PWM)电压波形.与中性点箝位变流器(NPC)相比,该整流器没有箝位二极管也能实现三点式PWM控制.控制电路采用两个控制回路:外部控制回路用比例积分电压控制器调整直流环节电压,采用相位闭环电路产生与电源电压同相的正弦波形来实现功率因数补偿.在内部控制回路中,用基于载波的电流控制器跟踪线电流信号.为补偿由于负载变化所引起的中点电压,控制电路采用中点电压补偿器.该整流器的交流侧可产生3个电压电平,并用计算机仿真与试验结果验证了控制算法的有效性.     

VoIP中的丢帧补偿策略研究的概况

VoIP由于其分组交换方式及实时性特点,不能保证分组的可靠传输.阐述了造成VoIP质量不高的原因,比较了几种丢帧补偿策略的优缺点,介绍了G.723.1的插值补偿算法.     

测站偏移对变形监测结果的影响分析

在使用全站仪对大型建筑结构的变形进行实时监测时,受建筑结构、地形等客观因素的影响,有时某些测站点不得不布置在变形区内。在实时监测过程中,当变形区内测站点发生偏移时,该点的设站数据仍然是偏移之前的,这必然对监测数据的精度造成不利影响。为解决这一问题,推导出测点偏移对监测数据影响的定量公式,并对该不利影响给予实时改正。进行了模拟实验。实验结果表明:在动态实时监测系统中,这种方法可完全消除测站点不稳定带来的误差,并且简单易行。     

气泡动力学数值模型的稳定性研究

基于势流假设,建立气泡动力学数值模型,并开发计算程序.系统地分析了不同模型、不同单元类型的计算精度,以及网格划分、时间步等因素对计算结果的影响,验证了本文数值模型的收敛性,并在计算过程中分析了动能、势能及总能量随时间的变化.为考核文中建立的气泡动力学计算模型的有效性,分别将轴对称模型及三维模型与Rayleigh-Plesset气泡模型的精确解及实验数据、实验照片进行了对比分析,分析表明,计算结果与Rayleigh-Plesset模型及实验数据吻合很好,表明文中建立的计算模型是可行的、有效的.并分析了气泡在重力场中的运动特性.     

桥面铺装防水粘结层材料类型的选择

文章针对沥青混凝土桥面铺装结构的防水粘结层性能受到桥梁类型、荷载条件和工作环境等因素影响而难于选择的问题,对各类桥面铺装防水粘结层的使用条件和结构性能进行了研究,分析了各种结构性胶黏剂的物理性质和化学性质及工艺条件,据此制定了桥面铺装防水粘结材料的选择依据,并提出了一种性能较好的粘结剂典型配方。     

钢筋混凝土箱形拱桥现浇施工方案比较

钢筋混凝土箱型拱桥在无支墩拱式拱架上现浇施工时,若跨度较大,拱圈一般采用分环分段的施工方法。采用该方法施工时,先期形成的混凝土拱环与拱架的横向联合作用明显。通过两种分环方案的对比分析发现,不同的分环方案横向联合作用强度也有所差别。采用一个最优分环方案,可以利用已形成的拱环与拱架在横向的。联合作用,增加横向刚度,有利于提高施工过程中的横向稳定性。     

有软弱下卧层时确定天然地基上基础底面积的简便方法

在进行天然地基上浅基础的设计时,必须验算地基承载力.如果存在软弱下卧层,还必须进行软弱下卧层承载力验算.     

隧道洞口边坡变形的多阶段递进预测研究

为及时掌握隧道洞口边坡的变形规律,保证隧道进洞过程的安全,采用小波变换剔除变形序列中的误差信息,将原始序列分解为趋势项和误差项序列,并采用PSO-LSSVM模型和ARMA模型分别对趋势项和误差项进行预测,将两者叠加即得到边坡的综合变形预测值,再利用马尔科夫链建立预测误差的修正模型,进一步提高预测精度。对预测模型进行实例分析,结果表明： sym9小波函数、启发式阈值标准、硬阈值选取标准及10层小波分解的去噪效果较优,且通过综合预测,得到边坡变形预测结果的相对误差均值为1.03%,方差值为0.042 6,预测精度和稳定性较高,验证了预测模型的有效性。