南昌地铁砾砂层渣土改良技术试验研究

随着土压平衡盾构的广泛推广和应用,其地层适应性也越来越强,但盾构机在一些特殊地层中掘进时,渣土无法满足盾构施工对渣土流塑性的要求,易造成刀盘结饼、掌子面压力不稳定、刀盘磨损严重等问题。泡沫渣土改良技术是保证施工安全、顺利进行的关键技术之一。本文针对两种工程现场常用的泡沫进行泡沫基础性能试验,并以南昌地铁3号线盾构区间为工程背景,针对该区间砾砂地层进行改良渣土坍落度试验,对不同注入率和不同发泡剂的改良效果进行分析。研究发现,两种泡沫剂的建议使用浓度为3%;渣土流动性随泡沫注入率的增大而提高。在试验所用土样条件下,建议施工时使用的泡沫注入率为20%~30%。     

Traffic modelling in system boundary expansion of road pavement life cycle assessment

This paper uses a case study of a UK inter-urban road, to explore the impact of extending the system boundary of road pavement life cycle assessment (LCA) to include increased traffic emissions due to delays during maintenance. Some previous studies have attempted this but have been limited to hypothetical scenarios or simplified traffic modelling, with no validation or sensitivity analysis. In this study, micro-simulation modelling of traffic was used to estimate emissions caused by delays at road works, for several traffic management options. The emissions were compared to those created by the maintenance operation, estimated using an LCA model. In this case study, the extra traffic emissions caused by delays at road works are relatively small, compared to those from the maintenance process, except for hydrocarbon emissions. However, they are generally close to, or above, the materiality threshold recommended in PAS2050 for estimating carbon footprints, and reach 5–10% when traffic flow levels are increased (hypothetically) or when traffic management is imposed outside times of lowest traffic flow. It is recommended, therefore, that emissions due to traffic disruption at road works should be included within the system boundary of road pavement LCA and carbon footprint studies and should be considered in developing guidelines for environmental product declarations of road pavement maintenance products and services.     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

中越界河海事执法行为的风险规避

文中通过介绍中越边境河流——北仑河海事现场执法风险，分析执法风险存在的原因、表现形式，结合实际工作体会，探讨界河基层海事执法的风险防范     

港口工程沙土液化判别方法

沙土液化是场地和地基的地震效应的重要内容,我国港口主要采用基于标准贯入试验的沙土液化判别方法以及静力触探等原位测试方法,而欧美、非洲及东南亚大多采用Seed简化法以及基于概率与统计分析的估计方法。通过多种液化判别方法的分析,论证其合理性,针对不同性质的工程合理运用于水运港口工程抗震作用。     

破损船体梁残存强度的有限元计算模型研究

采用Abaqus软件建立多个非线性有限元计算模型,对完整和破损后的船体梁进行非线性有限元计算。通过与Smith方法的结果对比分析,确定船体梁残存强度非线性有限元计算模型和边界条件,并研究破口周围边界对残存强度的影响。     

基于多目标遗传算法的约束阻尼柱壳结构优化

文章为了改进被动约束阻尼柱壳结构的减振特性,解决引入约束阻尼的合理分布问题,提出了一种基于多目标遗传算法的优化设计方法。建立了以振动模态的前两阶损耗因子和引入约束阻尼材料总质量比为优化目标,以约束层、阻尼层厚度和粘弹性材料剪切模量为设计变量的多目标函数。利用遗传算法对 Pareto 最优进行优化选择,避免了对目标函数值的直接计算。通过分析和比较优化前后结构的模态振动频率变化以及幅频响应,表明引入质量太多会影响柱壳结构固有特性,而优化后结构能够避免太多的质量引入,并且具有更好的减振效果。     

喷水推进器进水流道的声传播特性分析

进水流道作为喷水推进泵脉动声源通过进水口向远场辐射的传递通道,声波经流道传播后流道进口处声压峰值频率相对流道出口声压峰值频率发生较为显著的偏移。为解释该现象,文章以进水流道为对象分析其声传播特性。首先分别利用阻抗出口边界和自动匹配层出口边界计算分析了轴对称变截面管道的声传播特性,计算值与文献值吻合较好,验证了大截面管路声传播特性数值计算的可信性。然后以进水流道为对象,并以面平均声压衰减量为评价流道声学特性的指标,利用自动匹配层出口边界分析了流道的声传播特性。结果表明:由于低频段流道内仅能传递平面波,高次波被衰减,导致该频段声压衰减量较大;声压衰减量的最小值对应频率与喷泵叶频或其谐频接近,使得流道进出口截面处最大声压对应频率产生偏移。     

一种网格 k-近邻集的边界点识别算法

为了高效识别聚类边界,根据边界周围区域存在密度差异的特征,提出了一种网格 k‐近邻集的边界识别算法（BGN ）。在网格空间中,该算法根据网格单元和它最近邻居单元的 k‐近邻集的质量及其单元间中心距离确定边界度,由边界度和边界阈值判断每个网格单元是否为边界单元或噪声单元。通过从边界单元中提取更靠边缘的数据作为边界点的方式,使得边界更精细。实验结果表明,该算法能有效和快速识别出多密度数据集的聚类边界和噪声。     

半干旱区厚层基质喷附坡面植被返青对比研究

半干旱区公路边坡植被重建是公路生态环境保护的难点,坡面植被越冬率是坡面生态工程成功与否的一个重要指标。本试验研究依托丹东-拉萨高速公路(内蒙古集宁-老爷庙标段)生态护坡工程,结果表明:喷附时间、坡向、坡度,坡面母质、坡位、冻水浇灌以及喷附基材配比等因素,都会影响护坡植物越冬能力,从而通过试验提出相应的养护措施,以改善高速公路的绿化景观效果。