实船测试航速修正方法评述

介绍实船测试航速修正方法的研究进展,分析了几种常用修正方法的基本原理,及其修正因素和所需要的数据,对修正方法的应用提出了建议.     

GPS在航潮位测量中的关键技术研究

在传统潮位测量方法缺陷分析的基础上,提出了在航潮位测量思想。为了获得高精度的在航潮位测量成果,对利用GPS RTK/PPK技术进行潮位测量和数据处理中的关键问题进行了深入的讨论。这些关键问题主要有姿态改正、GPS高程质量控制、垂直基准转换、基于信号的在航潮位提取。在姿态改正中,详细的给出了姿态改正的计算模型;对于GPS RTK/PPK高程数据存在的异常的问题,给出了Kalman滤波以及Heave修正的方法;为使GPS在航潮位研究实用化,对验潮中垂直基准的转换问题进行了深入的研究和讨论,最后给出了无缝垂直基准的概念和转换思想;利用信号处理理论,基于Butterworth滤波器,提取出了潮位,并将GPS潮位与潮位站潮位进行了比较,获得了理想的结果。     

船舶建造中船体变形的预防及矫正

分析了船舶建造过程中的船体变形产生的原因,提出了有效预防和矫正船体变形的方法。     

船体薄壁梁弯扭耦合振动的流固耦合分析

采用耦合有限元,边界元法计算水中船体的弯扭耦合振动.文中用一维薄壁梁有限元模拟船体梁,在横剖面处用二维边界元方法计算结构表面卢压,推导出表征流体对振动特性影响的附加质量阵,编制了用流同耦合方法求解船体振动模态的程序.通过与采用ANSYS软件进行耦合场分析以及刘易斯方法得到的振动模念相比较,验证了文中方法的可行性和应用性.     

边界控制方法在DVR样机研制中的应用

动态电压恢复器（DVR）可在供电电压发生电压下陷时维持负载电压稳定,以保护敏感负载。由于在正常电力系统中,电压下陷故障出现的频率相对不高,使得DVR的利用率较低。将一种基于二阶开关平面理论的边界控制器应用于DVR系统,使其既可用于电压下陷补偿又能用于稳态下电压电能质量控制,大大提高了设备利用率。通过预测DVR逆变器的某次开关动作后,其系统状态矢量的运动轨迹可得到上述二阶开关平面。将该平面作为状态轨迹沿理想开关平面运动的上界,可约束轨迹使其趋向理想工作点。为考察其动态特性,应用上述控制器的DVR样机针对源端谐波畸变和伴有畸变的下陷电压波形进行了补偿试验。结果证实上述边界控制方案可获得优于其它一些控制策略的谐波补偿效果。     

客运专线路基褥垫层施工技术

本文主要介绍哈尔滨至大连铁路客运专线褥垫层施工工艺。     

Impact of macrozoobenthic structures on near-bed sediment fluxes

Sandy sediments in shallow coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are often characterised by large numbers of biogenic structures which are produced by macrozoobenthos species. A series of experiments was devised to quantify how the interaction of such structures with the near-bed flow regime affects the sediment flux. Most experiments were done with simplified replicates of structures generated by typical species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight, starting with solitary structures and regularly-spaced arrays in a range of characteristic population densities, followed by a complex benthic macrofauna community, both artificial and alive. A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a topography scanning laser, was used for high-resolution measurements (2 mm horizontal step size and 0.3 mm vertical resolution) of sand erosion (220 µm median grain size, at 20 cm s^− 1) and fine particle deposition (8 µm grain size, at 5 cm s^− 1). Sediment transport threshold values were measured for each layout. As a rule-of-thumb, both the erosion fluxes and the deposition of suspended matter increased considerably at low population densities (below 2%, expressed as percent of the sediment surface covered, i.e. roughness density RD). Above densities of 4%, erosion almost stopped inside the test arrays, and deposition remained well below the level of unpopulated areas. An attempt to extrapolate these findings to field conditions (using field current velocity data from 2001) showed that the net flux switched from erosion to deposition for densities above 5%. These parameters can now be integrated into a numerical sediment transport model coupling waves, currents, sediment dynamics and biological processes, which is currently under construction at the Baltic Sea Research Institute (IOW), Rostock, Germany.     

Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.     

Non-local simulation of the stable boundary layer with a third order moments closure model

A new higher order closure model for the stable boundary layer is presented and compared with Large Eddy Simulation data. The model includes numerical solutions for the mean values, second and third order moments equations. A satisfactory agreement is found between the calculated vertical profiles of the turbulent quantities with those provided by the LES. Furthermore the new model results are compared with profiles obtained with a lower order closure model in order to verify the effective importance of including third order dynamical equations in the model.