柴油机SCR系统NOx转化率影响因素的研究

利用计算流体动力学的方法对柴油机SCR尿素水溶液喷雾分解和催化剂表面的化学反应过程进行了数值模拟,结合SCR台架试验,探究了氨氮比、温度、空速和喷嘴安装位置对NO转化率的影响。结果表明:当氨氮比在0.6~2.0时,NO转化率随氨氮比的升高呈先升后降趋势,氨氮比为1.2时的NO转化率较高;当催化剂温度在300~500℃时,NO转化率随温度的升高呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势,温度达450℃时基本稳定;空速在13 000~21 000h-1时,NO转化率随空速升高逐渐降低;随着喷嘴与催化剂距离的增加,NO转化率逐渐增加,当喷嘴与催化剂距离大于450mm时,NO转化率逐渐趋于稳定。     

基于可拓学理论的TBM掘进效率地质影响因素研究

为研究地质因素对TBM掘进效率的影响,基于可拓学理论,选择了岩石单轴抗压强度、岩石耐磨性、岩体完整性系数、结构面走向与掘进方向夹角及地下水渗流量5个指标作为TBM掘进效率地质影响因素的评价指标,将TBM掘进效率分为5个等级,进而建立TBM掘进效率地质影响因素物元模型。采用层次分析法对评价指标进行重要性排序,确定各指标的权重系数。通过对在建的厄瓜多尔CCS水电站引水隧洞待评物元关于TBM掘进效率等级的关联度计算,并与实际掘进参数和掘进情况进行对比,得出与工程实际相吻合的结论。研究结果表明： 可拓学理论能较好地评价TBM掘进效率等级,并且采用层次分析法确定评价指标的权重系数是合理的。相关研究内容和方法可为TBM设备选型、工期进度安排及工程成本预算提供借鉴。     

Efficiency analysis of a multiple axle vehicle with hydrostatic transmission overcoming obstacles

Transmission configurations in off-road vehicles with multiple driven axles can be a determining factor in the obstacle surmounting capacity and also in the vehicle efficiency. An off-road articulated vehicle with four driven axles, four bogies and two modules has been considered for the global hydrostatic transmission efficiency analysis and for the vehicle functional efficiency analysis. The power flow through the transmission system has been quantified from the combustion engine shaft to each axle of the wheels. It has been done for different the operating conditions and taking into account the wheel–terrain interaction and the transmission configuration, that could lead to a forced slippage of some of the wheels. Results show the influence of the different wheels’ requirements, the transmission configuration limitations and the considered control strategy on the global transmission and vehicle functional efficiencies.     

广义Kantorovich不等式的范数改进及其统计应用

对于广义Kantorovich不等式,选用适当的矩阵度量并给出相应的界,可以应用在线性模型的参数估计的相对效率问题上。用谱范数作为度量工具,给出广义Kantorovich不等式的的上界改进,并将其应用在线性模型中最小二乘估计的相对效率问题上。     

试论提高公路路面机械化养护作业效率的途径

基于高速公路路面机械化养护工程实践,从制约高速公路路面大中修养护工作效率的几个重要因素入手,分析提高作业效率的途径。     

基于DEA模型的上海国际航运中心物流效率的比较研究

运用DEA模型分析了上海、天津、大连、青岛、香港、安特卫普、鹿特丹和新加坡等8个航运中心的物流效率.通过2010年的相关数据,计算出这些港口的纯技术效率、规模效率以及综合效率,经过比较分析,找出上海目前存在的问题,并提出了相关的解决措施.     

某型舰载机箱电磁屏蔽的结构工艺设计

文章通过对某型加固机箱屏蔽效能的计算分析,论证了缝隙对屏效的严重影响,提出在结构工艺上保证机箱的电磁屏蔽性和抑制电磁干扰的有效措施。     

提高CRTSⅡ型轨道板打磨效率的途径

随着CRTSⅡ型轨道板在高铁领域广泛应用,如何提高轨道板生产效率,合理配置轨道板场规模和数量,减少建场投资和各种资源浪费,已成为一个很现实的问题。在京沪高铁施工中,针对以前板场普遍存在的CRTSⅡ型轨道板打磨效率低的问题,通过对毛坯板生产工艺进一步完善,对工装模具设计、制造及监控等环节进一步优化,对数控磨床及其控制软件升级改造,与京津城际相比,大幅提高轨道板打磨效率,进而提高了轨道板生产效率约20%,为今后CRTSⅡ型轨道板规模化生产积累了宝贵的经验。     

The trade‐off between efficiency,effectiveness, and social feasibility of regulating road transport externalities

This paper discusses the tension between the theory and practice of the regulation of road transport externalities from the viewpoint of the trade‐off between efficiency, effectiveness and the social feasibility of regulation. Various possible types of regulatory instruments, subdivided into ‘direct’ demand management, ‘indirect’ demand management and ‘supply side’ oriented policies, are evaluated qualitatively according to these criteria. Attention is then directed towards the trade‐off between efficiency, effectiveness and feasibility within the field of ‘direct’ demand regulation of road transport.