Locating emergency vehicles with an approximate queuing model and a meta-heuristic solution approach

In this paper, the location of emergency service (ES) vehicles is studied on fully connected networks. Queuing theory is utilized to obtain the performance metrics of the system. An approximate queuing model the (AQM) is proposed. For the AQM, different service rate formulations are constructed. These formulations are tested with a simulation study for different approximation levels. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the mean response time of ES systems based on AQM. In the model, multiple vehicles are allowed at a single location. The objective function of the model has no closed form expression. A genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the model. With the help of the genetic algorithm, the effect of assigning multiple vehicles on the mean response time is reported.     

Compromising system and user interests in shelter location and evacuation planning

Traffic management during an evacuation and the decision of where to locate the shelters are of critical importance to the performance of an evacuation plan. From the evacuation management authority’s point of view, the desirable goal is to minimize the total evacuation time by computing a system optimum (SO). However, evacuees may not be willing to take long routes enforced on them by a SO solution; but they may consent to taking routes with lengths not longer than the shortest path to the nearest shelter site by more than a tolerable factor. We develop a model that optimally locates shelters and assigns evacuees to the nearest shelter sites by assigning them to shortest paths, shortest and nearest with a given degree of tolerance, so that the total evacuation time is minimized. As the travel time on a road segment is often modeled as a nonlinear function of the flow on the segment, the resulting model is a nonlinear mixed integer programming model. We develop a solution method that can handle practical size problems using second order cone programming techniques. Using our model, we investigate the importance of the number and locations of shelter sites and the trade-off between efficiency and fairness.     

A multi-objective optimization model for sustainable logistics facility location

This paper offers an exploratory study of sustainable facility location. The methodology, based on the classical uncapacitated facility location problem, provides decision makers with a multi-objective optimization model to determine the trade-off among economic, service and environmental considerations. Our results indicate that it may be desirable to open more facilities than optimal from a narrow economic perspective to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of transport and to improve service reliability.     

交通枢纽型商业中心的问题探讨及改善策略分析

城市商业中心区是城市中交通拥堵的多发地带,而交通枢纽及商业混合区域更是给交通带来了巨大的压力。文中结合镇江市城际枢纽站商业中心区的实例,对城市交通枢纽及商业混合区域的交通问题剖析,并对交通枢纽型商业中心区的交通改善策略进行了相应研究。通过采用公交优先、布置交通设施、构建先进的停车系统、合理组织交通流等措施,为该类地区的交通改善和治理提出对策,使得交通枢纽型商业中心的交通组织更加合理有序,尽可能地减少交通拥堵,促进城市和谐发展。     

城市综合交通枢纽静态标识布设研究

城市综合交通枢纽通过多种出行方式的整合,缩减了乘客的换乘时间;但庞大的枢纽建筑,增加了乘客寻找＂目的地＂的难度。通过对静态标识相关的现行国家标准和地方标准分析,提出静态标识的布设目标,梳理布设流程,制定布设的总体原则和各类静态标识布设原则。研究的结果将为相关的标准研究和设计工作提供帮助和支持。     

波形钢腹板在施工中空间位置的定位研究

滁河大桥是主跨96m的波形钢腹板预应力混凝土组合连续梁桥,跨径布置为(53+96+53)m,采用对称悬臂浇筑法施工。在滁河大桥的施工中发现波形钢腹板空间定位对桥梁成桥后的受力影响较大,为解决波形钢腹板组合梁桥悬臂对称施工过程中波形钢腹板空间位置的定位问题,根据该工程的施工监控方案,结合该桥设计的特点,对滁河大桥波形钢腹板施工中空间位置的定位进行了专门的研究,采用了数学上关于空间上不在一条直线上的3个点可以确定平面准确位置的定理,对施工中的钢腹板进行定位,通过对理论计算的数据与施工现场实测数据进行对比分析,论证了该方法的可行性与实用性。     

水电枢纽HEC混凝土道路施工设计研究

该文首先分析水电枢纽道路的特点,提出用HEC混凝土进行水电枢纽的道路施工,并从工程材料选取和基层、垫层、路基、HEC混凝土面板等方面对HEC混凝土结构设计进行研究。     

旅游城市高铁站站前广场综合交通改善设计——以黄山北站为例

在全国高铁网络逐步构成的背景下,旅游城市高铁站站前广场在高铁运营后逐渐显现出了设施配套不足、交通组织混乱等问题.以黄山北站为例,通过分析黄山北站客流特征、站前广场交通设施现状、交通组织及运行,对黄山北站客流进行了预测,对交通设施规模进行了测算.根据预测结果,提出了交通改善策略,并从设施布局、交通组织等方面提出了近期和远...     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

基于逆向重力模型的枢纽机场旅客吞吐量估计方法

为了利用航空OD客流数据精确估计机场旅客吞吐量, 描述了全连通线性航线网络和枢纽辐射航线网络, 根据枢纽机场之间的OD客流矩阵, 建立了逆向重力模型标准代数算法和基于哈密顿图原理的简化代数算法, 分析了在不同距离修正指数下, 算法的拟合与估计精度。分析结果表明: 简化代数算法与模型标准代数算法最优吞吐量回归直线的可决系数都为0.84, 斜率分别为0.91和0.87, 比较接近。可见算法的拟合效果优良, 估计精度高, 且简化代数算法需要的数据少, 尤其适合大规模OD矩阵分析。