Extending the Scope of Highway Planning: Accessibility,Negative Externalities and the Residential Context

The objectives of this review-based paper were twofold. Firstly, we aimed to explore the need and possibilities for broadening the scope of highway planning by taking account of the residential context, including residential satisfaction. Satisfaction appears to be an interesting, and in our opinion, valuable mediating planning concept between road infrastructure planning and the accompanying external effects on the one hand and household coping strategies on the other. Households living near highway infrastructure are influenced by both positive (i.e. accessibility gains) and negative road-related factors (e.g. noise nuisance and air pollution). Changes in these factors may trigger people to accept the new situation, adjust preferences, try to influence plans and/or even relocate. The second aim was to gain a greater understanding of the influence of both accessibility characteristics and negative externalities on the residential context of households. With respect to context, we make a distinction between residential satisfaction, housing prices and residential relocation. We see changes in residential satisfaction as a potential early predictor of opposition to plans, not only from active opposers but also from the more ‘silent majority’, and as a predictor of housing price changes and residential migration. Insights into residential satisfaction around highways may help transportation planners to relieve locational stress and may also prevent protests and relocations. Our literature review indicated that households prefer to live close to highways to benefit from high regional accessibility, but do not want to contend with the nuisances. This is also reflected in property values. However, the literature appears to put more emphasis on studying the impact of (regional) accessibility and externalities on location behaviour than on residential satisfaction. Because of the added value that the concept of residential satisfaction may provide in road planning, and the limited scientific insights, it is important to gain greater insight into how residential satisfaction is influenced by negative and positive externalities and into how residential satisfaction changes over time—from the stage when new road projects are discussed through to concrete planning, realization and the period after completion. Moreover, it would be worthwhile to gain a deeper understanding of the extent to which house prices, location behaviour and residential satisfaction near highways interrelate.     

Estimating arterial link speed using conventional road detectors

Abstract

In response to an initiative to develop an advanced traffic information system in Bangkok, this paper explores practical guidelines for the optimal location of road sensors, such that the data collected on spot speeds reflect an entire link's average speed. In particular, the authors use microsimulation software to investigate optimal detector locations, using the sum of squared errors and root mean squared errors. The analysis hypothesizes that road segments are 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 km in length and are specially designed to replicate typical arterial streets in Bangkok. The results show that a single detector location can produce good estimates of link speed only for segments that are shorter than 1.0 km. For distances of 1.0 km or more, the results suggest that two detectors be used for good link speed estimates under all traffic conditions.     

高速公路新增枢纽互通方案设计研究

随着国家经济的高速发展,高速公路网逐步完善,枢纽互通与服务互通之间的冲突逐渐增多.鉴于此,以港区枢纽互通为例,结合交通量分析及地形地物的限制,通过研究高速公路在路网中的作用,合理选择互通立交形式,有效避免了复合互通的布设,降低了造价,节约了占地,可为类似互通设计提供参考.     

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机场与城市内部交通的衔接规划是城市综合交通规划的重要组成部分,分析机场与城市内部交通衔接规划存在的问题,建立一个高效的衔接系统是十分必要的。针对这个衔接系统的特征,从发展公共交通的角度考虑机场与市区之间的衔接关系,处理机场与市区衔接的问题。机场巴士和机场轨道交通的专线站点的布设和规模设计对解决整个衔接问题和提高衔接系统的效率起着关键作用。以现有公交换乘枢纽布局选址方法为基础,以旅客出行总时间最小为目标,建立了各类机场专线站点的布设模型,并利用遗传算法的计算方法对其进行求解。运用此模型,可以得出规划机场专线站点数目及其规模的合理方案。     

上海西郊临虹桥空港商务区开发的综合战略分析

面临发达的交通枢纽建设、紧迫的高端商务需求、上海的产业结构调整、郊区的整体崛起等发展机遇,上海西郊临虹桥空港商务区将在联动中心城区、带动青浦、辐射西郊、服务长三角等方面发挥巨大作用。临虹桥空港商务区具有优异的地理位置、便捷的交通、良好的生态环境、高档的房产集群、丰富的旅游资源、优越的基础条件等开发优势;但也存在着地理环境较复杂、对临虹桥空港商务区的特色发展和功能定位要求较高、位于虹桥综合交通枢纽西侧等不利因素。预测了需求的不确定性、交通的高流动性、商业发展的高竞争性等开发风险。提出了上海西郊临虹桥空港商务区的发展战略:借建设交通枢纽之机构建信息枢纽,吸引国内外大型知名企业总部加入;以发展现代服务业为重点,以高端商务人士为目标客户群,努力实现商务截留、商务延伸和商务增值;做到功能定位的差异性和超前性,并吸引高尚消费、带动周边高档商住人群,抢占商务高地等。     

全并联AT供电牵引网故障测距方案的研究

在全并联AT供电牵引网故障测距原理的基础上,提出了针对全并联AT供电牵引网故障测距的方案,分析了整个方案所采用的故障测距原理、原理所需信息量的提取及传输、故障启动原理、数据同步方法、数据处理算法、软硬件结构,为全并联AT供电牵引网故障测距装置的研制提供了必要的依据。     

标签算法在识别移动台运动状态中的应用

准确识别移动台的运动过程是应用无线定位技术获取交通信息的基础。在分析移动台运动特征的基础上,阐述了识别移动台运动过程的原理。通过实际的测试获取了GPS机的时空数据,选择不同的时间间隔,应用标签算法识别GPS机的移动、静止状态,得到了不同的识别结果。试验结果显示,在时间间隔选择得当的情况下,标签算法具有良好的识别结果。     

集装箱船舶大型化对上海港发展的影响和机遇

在集装箱航运市场中,由于超大型集装箱船优良的经济性能及全球集装箱航运结构的重组,并且在全球国际集装箱运输呈增长的趋势背景下,大批超大型集装箱船投入运营,对上海港的运营和发展形成一定的影响,但同时也给上海港的发展带来了机遇。上海港要应对国际航运市场的这种变化,就必须采取相应的策略。随着长三角经济圈的发展和洋山深水港一期、二期工程的完工,进一步巩固了上海港的国际集装箱枢纽港地位,上海港应抓住新的发展机遇,为上海早日建成国际航运中心奠定更加坚实的基础。     

一种车牌定位的新方法

研究了一种定位车牌区域的新方法,该方法首先对车牌图像进行边缘检测,然后进行骨骼化处理,最后通过线扫描定位车牌。实验证明使用该方法定位车牌的准确率达到了98.8%,平均耗时0.1s,同时对光线较昏暗、车牌较模糊的图像也能实现比较准确的定位。     

软横跨结构抬高调整计算方法

本文针对京广线既有软横跨接触悬挂抬高施工过程中,在不加高软横跨支柱高度前提下,对横向承力索直吊弦缩短量和横向承力索缩短量进行简化计算,提出了适合现场的具体计算方法。