基于γ界面捕捉模型的近场水下爆炸数值模拟

随着对水下爆炸现象研究的逐步深入,近场水下爆炸的数值模拟研究越来越受到重视。近场水下爆炸数值模拟当中的主要难点在于多相流运动以及界面捕捉方法的研究。文章提出一种较为稳定的近场水下爆炸数值模拟方法,其包含了五阶WENO重构以及HLLC近似黎曼求解器的格式,对于多相流界面的捕捉方法基于γ模型。文中的求解格式通过了一维激波管问题以及二维轴对称问题的验证,计算结果与理论解和实验结果吻合较好。在此基础上将该方法推广到近场水下爆炸过程中冲击波传播以及近水面爆炸现象的模拟,模拟结果较为满意。该文的研究方法能够为后续的近场水下爆炸过程中的空泡以及水射流的研究提供指导。     

基于生理信号的多任务下驾驶员认知负荷的评定

为探索驾驶员精神状态与生理信号之间的关系,建立基于生理信号的认知负荷评价方法,在驾驶模拟器中设置了驾驶任务和语音交互任务这一典型的双任务模拟驾驶工况,记录实验过程中驾驶员的主观评分及心电、皮电和呼吸等生理信号,并运用统计方法分析生理参数在整个实验过程中的动态变化规律。结果表明,相对于单一驾驶任务,双任务工况下驾驶员感受的主观压力随着任务难度的增加而上升;心率变异性功率谱密度、皮电水平和呼吸频率等生理指标与驾驶员的认知状态具有较强的关联性,因而可以有效区分不同认知负荷的两种状态。     

驾驶员因素与高速公路交通安全

针对我国高速公路交通事故率高及事故程度严重的现状,对影响高速公路交通安全起着关键作用的因素——驾驶员因素进行分析,并提出预防措施。     

European advanced driver training programs: Reasons for optimism

Post license advanced driver training programs in the US and early programs in Europe have often failed to accomplish their stated objectives because, it is suspected, that drivers gain self perceived driving skills that exceed their true skills—leading to increased post training crashes. The consensus from the evaluation of countless advanced driver training programs is that these programs are a detriment to safety, especially for novice, young, male drivers.Some European countries including Sweden, Finland, Austria, Luxembourg, and Norway, have continued to refine these programs, with an entirely new training philosophy emerging around 1990. These ‘post-renewal’ programs have shown considerable promise, despite various data quality and availability concerns. These programs share in common a focus on teaching drivers about self assessment and anticipation of risk, as opposed to teaching drivers how to master driving at the limits of tire adhesion. The programs focus on factors such as self actualization and driving discipline, rather than low level mastery of skills. Drivers are meant to depart these renewed programs with a more realistic assessment of their driving abilities. These renewed programs require considerable specialized and costly infrastructure including dedicated driver training facilities with driving modules engineered specifically for advanced driver training and highly structured curriculums. They are conspicuously missing from both the US road safety toolbox and academic literature. Given the considerable road safety concerns associated with US novice male drivers in particular, these programs warrant further attention.This paper reviews the predominant features and empirical evidence surrounding post licensing advanced driver training programs focused on novice drivers. A clear articulation of differences between the renewed and current US advanced driver training programs is provided. While the individual quantitative evaluations range from marginally to significantly effective in reducing novice driver crash risk, they have been criticized for evaluation deficiencies ranging from small sample sizes to confounding variables to lack of exposure metrics. Collectively, however, the programs sited in the paper suggest at least a marginally positive effect that needs to be validated with further studies. If additional well controlled studies can validate these programs, a pilot program in the US should be considered.     

基于语音特征迁移学习的驾驶疲劳检测

针对现有方法在实际应用时的标记样本稀缺与测试样本数据分布偏移等问题,提出一种基于语音特征迁移学习的驾驶疲劳检测方法。通过基于迁移学习的特征空间变换,对源领域有标记样本与目标域无标记样本数据间的边缘分布、条件分布、流形结构进行联合适配及降维处理,以解决样本数据分布偏移和特征维度过高的问题。以半监督学习的方式来迭代优化目标域样本的伪标记,并据此不断更新特征变换方式和迁移分类器,进而提高疲劳检测模型的精度和泛化能力。通过实验将本文方法与现有常用的监督学习、半监督学习和迁移学习等方法进行对比。结果表明,在测试时间、应用场景和被试个体均发生变化的情况下,本文所提方法的驾驶疲劳检测效果显著优于现有方法,正确率最高达到86.7%,具有实际应用价值。     

基于NDIS中间层驱动的对等网络流量监管机制

由于对等网络P2P对网络带宽的贪婪性,对P2P数据流的监管是当前研究的热点问题.本文在分析比较几种相关技术的基础上,提出了一个基于网络驱动接口规范（NetworkDriver Interface Specification,NDIS）中间层驱动的对等网络监管系统架构,对各功能实体特性进行了详细描述.以设备驱动程序开发包（Device Driver Kit,DDK）提供的Passthru例程为骨架对该系统进行了实现,对共享内存通信机制、数据拦截机制和主要数据结构进行了讨论.最后,通过测试数据拦截完备性和效率,以及对P2P软件的识别和阻断能力,验证了本系统的有效性和可用性.     

出租汽车驾驶员振动剂量监测与评价

通过对ISO2631、GB4970等振动舒适性评价标准的研究,建立手动变速器出租汽车驾驶员振动舒适性评价方法。通过实车振动监测和测量驾驶员生理指标,找到了重庆市出租汽车驾驶员在实际行驶工况下达到疲劳的时间;并对他们进行有关疲劳的主观问卷调查,调查统计与试验的结果相吻合,由此得到出租汽车驾驶员达到疲劳时的“振动剂量极限值”。     

高速公路通行卡管理探讨

广东省高速公路发展迅猛,联网收费正从区域联网向全省联网逐步实现。通行卡作为收费唯一的介质,作用十分突出。尽管各高速公路路段都有严格的通行卡管理制度,但由于部分路段的收费系统使用年限较长、个别路段所采用的半自动卡机模式、卡箱陈旧、部分入口发卡亭没有安装监控系统等问题,导致通行卡管理存在管理疏漏。探讨我省高速公路通行卡管理采取哪些有效措施防范,从而获得较高的经济效益。     

HX_D1型机车司机控制器手柄卡位分析及改进

文章针对HXD1型机车在运用过程中出现的司机控制器手柄卡位故障的惯性质量问题进行了分类介绍,并对其产生的原因进行分析,提出相关建议以解决该问题。     

A model of driver steering control incorporating the driver's sensing of steering torque

Steering feel, or steering torque feedback, is widely regarded as an important aspect of the handling quality of a vehicle. Despite this, there is little theoretical understanding of its role. This paper describes an initial attempt to model the role of steering torque feedback arising from lateral tyre forces. The path-following control of a nonlinear vehicle model is implemented using a time-varying model predictive controller. A series of Kalman filters are used to represent the driver's ability to generate estimates of the system states from noisy sensory measurements, including the steering torque. It is found that under constant road friction conditions, the steering torque feedback reduces path-following errors provided the friction is sufficiently high to prevent frequent saturation of the tyres. When the driver model is extended to allow identification of, and adaptation to, a varying friction condition, it is found that the steering torque assists in the accurate identification of the friction condition. The simulation results give insight into the role of steering torque feedback arising from lateral tyre forces. The paper concludes with recommendations for further work.