A model of driver steering control incorporating the driver's sensing of steering torque

Steering feel, or steering torque feedback, is widely regarded as an important aspect of the handling quality of a vehicle. Despite this, there is little theoretical understanding of its role. This paper describes an initial attempt to model the role of steering torque feedback arising from lateral tyre forces. The path-following control of a nonlinear vehicle model is implemented using a time-varying model predictive controller. A series of Kalman filters are used to represent the driver's ability to generate estimates of the system states from noisy sensory measurements, including the steering torque. It is found that under constant road friction conditions, the steering torque feedback reduces path-following errors provided the friction is sufficiently high to prevent frequent saturation of the tyres. When the driver model is extended to allow identification of, and adaptation to, a varying friction condition, it is found that the steering torque assists in the accurate identification of the friction condition. The simulation results give insight into the role of steering torque feedback arising from lateral tyre forces. The paper concludes with recommendations for further work.     

A point card system for public transport utilization in Korea

This study analyzes consumer preferences for a new incentive program based on a point card to promote green consumption; the study also examines the program’s impact on bus utilization in South Korea. An ex-ante analysis was conducted to examine how consumer behavior can be modified based on varying incentive levels of the point card system. In addition, the effect of the system on consumers’ public transport utilization and resulting CO₂ emissions reductions are analyzed. The adoption probability of the point card is forecast at about 93%, and annual CO₂ emissions are forecast to decrease by 610 kt CO₂.     

Real-time characterisation of driver steering behaviour

In recent years the application of driver steering models has extended from the off-line simulation environment to autonomous vehicles research and the support of driver assistance systems. For these new environments there is a need for the model to be adaptive in real time, so the supporting vehicle systems can react to changes in the driver, their driving style, mood and skill. This paper provides a novel means to meet these needs by combining a simple driver model with a single-track vehicle handling model in a parameter estimating filter – in this case, an unscented Kalman filter. Although the steering model is simple, a motion simulator study shows it is capable of characterising a range of driving styles and may also indicate the level of skill of the driver. The resulting filter is also efficient – comfortably operating faster than real time – and it requires only steer and speed measurements from the vehicle in addition to the reference path. Adaptation of the steer model parameters is demonstrated along with robustness of the filter to errors in initial conditions, using data from five test drivers in vehicle tests carried out on the open road.

Abbreviations: ADAS: advanced driver assistance systems; CG: centre of gravity; CAN: controller area network; EKF: extended Kalman filter; GPS: global positioning system; UKF: unscented Kalman filter     

苏州轨道交通AFC系统中票卡读写器设计

苏州轨道交通AFC系统中票卡读写器的设计存在软件开放性不足、硬件选型落后，以及对技术标准的执行不严等问题，对AFC系统的建设管理及后续维护等带来了一定影响。为此，在分析现有读写器软硬件技术的基础上，提出了可行的读写器设计方案，并通过测试验证了设计方案的可用性和可靠性。     

北京市女性驾驶员违法及事故特征的研究

近年来，女性驾驶员数量呈现逐渐递增态势，在驾驶员中所占的比例也逐渐提升。分析了女性驾驶员的违法行为、事故情况及变化趋势，并对加强女性驾驶员的管理提出了针对性建议。     

老年人驾驶特性和未来中国老年人交通安全问题分析

人口老龄化,特别是老龄化带来的诸多问题已经成为全球备受关注的热点问题.随着经济和机动化的快速发展,我国老龄驾驶人的数量也在持续稳定地增长.采用文献调研、问卷调查和数据分析的方法,研究老年人的驾驶特性,分析我国未来可能面对的老年交通安全问题,并给出应对策略.研究结果表明:到2045年,65岁以上的老龄驾驶人约占14％;我国目前大部分的中青年表示在65岁以后将继续保有小汽车并且驾驶小汽车出行,且越年轻的人群、收入越高的人群,以及拥有驾照的人群,到老年后越偏好于保有小汽车和驾驶小汽车出行;老龄驾驶人的增多增加了道路交通安全隐患;最后从交通方式的提供、交通设施的设置和智能交通角度提出了应对老龄驾驶人交通安全问题的管理对策.     

城市轨道交通自动售检票系统回收类票卡的时序数据挖掘

为优化城市轨道交通自动售检票系统回收类票卡的库存、调配管理,根据系统提供的大量时序数据,设计了一个基于"ARIMA+RBF"的组合预测模型,利用组合模型预测回收类与非回收类票卡的比例趋势、每周回收类票卡使用数量,以及每周遗失回收类票卡数量。结果表明,组合模型预测的精度要比单纯ARIMA模型要高,可以用作票卡库存管理的理论依据。将其应用到回收类票卡的采购、库存及调配等方面,可以减少运营成本、提高服务质量。     

南京城市公共交通一卡通行应用方案研究

用模糊评价方法对南京地铁与公交一卡通行方案进行优选。分析了南京公交IC卡系统现状和地铁AFC系统选型,表明公交IC卡系统不适应技术发展趋势以及多应用的拓展,而地铁AFC系统则充分考虑了这些需求。讨论了地铁、公交一卡通行各种可能的模式及其影响因素,利用加权最小隶属度偏差模型对南京城市公共交通一卡通行应用方案进行评价,评价结果与模糊综合评判加权平均模型相一致,表明一步到位方案为最佳方案,但加权最小隶属度偏差法反映了不同方案偏离理想方案的程度。     

智能驾驶员信息加工的优化Mask分析方法

使用优化Mask分析的方法来模拟驾驶员根据道路情况预测驾车速度的驾驶行为。探讨了使用优化Mask分析建立驾驶员模型的可行性。     

Network effects of intelligent speed adaptation systems

Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) systems use in-vehicle electronic devices to enable the speed of vehicles to be regulated automatically. They are increasingly appreciated as a flexible method for speed management and control particularly in urban areas. On-road trials using a small numbers of ISA equipped vehicles have been carried out in Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK. This paper describes the developments made to enhance a traffic microsimulation model in order to represent ISA implemented across a network and the impact of this on the networks. The simulation modelling of the control system is carried out on a real-world urban network, and the impacts on traffic congestion, speed distribution and the environment assessed. The results show that ISA systems are more effective in less congested traffic conditions. Momentary high speeds in traffic are effectively suppressed, resulting in a reduction in speed variation which is likely to have a beneficial impact on safety. Whilst ISA reduces excessive traffic speeds in the network, it does not affect average journey times. In particular, the total vehicle-hours travelling at speeds below 10 km/hr have not changed, indicating that the speed control had not induced more slow-moving queues to the network. A statistically significant, eight percent, reduction in fuel consumption was found with full ISA penetration. These results are in accordance with those from field trials and they provide the basis for cost-benefit analyses on introducing ISA into the vehicle fleet. However, contrary to earlier findings from the Swedish ISA road trials, this study suggested that ISA is likely to have no significant effect on emission of gaseous pollutants CO, NO_x and HC.