柴油机技术现状及发展展望

文中提出了现代柴油机技术发展的关键是节能与环保,详细分析了当前柴油机在节约能源和降低排放方面的发展现状及柴油机未来的发展趋势。     

汽车排放控制及净化措施研究

针对日益严重的汽车排放对大气环境的污染和健康的危害问题,分析汽车排放物的形成原因,并提出相应的控制及解决措施．具有重要的实践意义。     

改性环氧树脂与碳纤维材料在旧桥维修加固中的应用

改性环氧树脂及其复合材料在旧桥维修加固施工中的应用是一种逐步探索及推广的工艺。本文主要以工程实例介绍该工艺,以供同行们参考。     

现代汽车发动机冷却系统的发展趋势

传统发动机冷却系统由于自身的被动性影响,其工作性能受到限制。在部分负荷时会造成功率损失,而汽车在这种工况下行驶的时间最长。介绍一些先进冷却系统的结构设计和特点,如精确冷却系统、分流式冷却系统、可控式冷却系统等。这些系统既起到保护发动机的作用,又改善燃油效率和降低排放污染物。     

碳纤维布在金华桥加固中的应用

碳纤维布加固段结构桥梁是一项新技术,碳纤维片材轻,现场粘贴无需重型设备,设施简便,便于桥下高空作业,可在公路桥梁上推广应用.     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

W钢带补强隧道衬砌缺陷施工技术

以新建铁路贵阳枢纽白云至龙里北联络线龙洞堡机场隧道施工为例,详细介绍了隧道二次衬砌补强缺陷整治的原则、材料要求、方法及措施、施工工艺,重点阐述了嵌W钢带配碳纤维布整治隧道二衬缺陷的方法及工艺,对地下工程病害及缺陷整治可起到借鉴作用,对今后类似地下工程的施工具有一定的参考价值。     

数控铣床加工低碳钢零件的进给速度优化

论述了数控铣床加工低碳钢零件时进给速度的优化问题．在基于加工效率（可等效转化为加工工时）和加工成本目标函数的基础上，对这两个目标函数运用多目标函数理论进行综合，得到了多目标综合函数．通过计算，并综合表面粗糙度，进而得到进给速度的优化范围，并对不同转速下的进给速度给出了相应的优化参数，目的更接近生产实际，使技术人员不仅了解影响生产效率和成本的因素，也可在实际生产的应用中更加快捷和方便．     

燃料辅助喷射对柴油机起动着火及排放的影响

为了研究辅助燃料对柴油机起动工况着火及排放的影响规律,在柴油机起动过程中,向进气道内分别喷射不同浓度的乙醚和C3H8进行了试验。试验结果表明:辅助喷射适当种类的燃料,可实现诱导、促进着火并改善燃烧的目的。辅助燃料除应具备良好的挥发性外,其着火性也是改善起动性能的重要因素。进气道喷射C3H8会抑制起动着火性,随喷射浓度的增加,燃烧恶化,HC排放升高;喷射适量浓度乙醚,可以促进起动过程着火,完全消除起动工况失火和不完全燃烧循环,在降低HC排放的同时,减少PM排放50%以上。     

车用加热器降低汽油机冷起动排放的试验研究

通过液体燃油加热器对车用电喷汽油发动机冷却液进行预热,进行了机动车低温冷起动过程的排放试验研究。台架试验证明:加热器可大幅度降低发动机低温冷起动阶段的排放。经燃油加热器预热后,按欧Ⅲ标准,前两个15工况循环下的累积排放量在不经催化转化器时,HC降低了31.4%,CO下降2.8%,NOx下降59.5%。燃油加热器自身的累积排放量HC为原机的3.1%,CO为4.6%,而NOx仅为原机的1.8%。试验中还对同时利用燃油加热器排温预热起燃催化转化器进行了探索。