Hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles offer low-cost climate benefits in China

Car ownership in China is expected to grow dramatically in the coming decades. If growing personal vehicle demand is met with conventional cars, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions will be substantial. One way to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from passenger travel is to meet growing demand for cars with alternative vehicles such as hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles (HEVs and BEVs). Our study examines the cost-effectiveness of transitioning from conventional cars to HEVs and BEVs, by calculating their marginal abatement cost (MAC) of carbon in the long-run. We find that transitioning from conventional to hybrid and battery electric light-duty, four-wheel vehicles can achieve carbon emissions reductions at a negative cost (i.e. at a net benefit) in China. In 2030, the average MAC is estimated to be about −$140/ton CO₂ for HEVs and −$515/ton CO₂-saved for BEVs, varying by key parameters. The total mitigation potential of each vehicle technology is estimated to be 1.38 million tons for HEVs and 0.75 million tons for BEVs.     

Evaluating economic and environmental value of liner vessel sharing along the maritime silk road

The Belt and Road initiative is a novel exploration of China towards strategic collaboration with Eurasia countries to an extent of a larger scale with higher and deeper level of cooperation. To meet the growing global demand of transportation, increasing numbers of liner shipping companies collaborate and form alliances to share vessel capacity and reduce capital costs. Effective liner shipping vessel sharing is essential for the Belt and Road initiative in terms of building efficient maritime transport networks. In promoting environmental development, shipping companies are required to attain higher environmental standards. However, limited literature relates vessel sharing to environmental performance. This paper studies the impacts of liner vessel sharing from the economic and environmental perspectives. Two container allocation models are developed for the two scenarios: with and without vessel sharing. The carbon emissions in transportation are calculated under both scenarios. Numerical studies are carried out using services along the China-Indochina Peninsula Economic (CIPE) Corridor. Liner shipping companies could benefit from vessel sharing in terms of significant profit improvement. Vessel sharing could also benefit the environment by reducing the CO₂ emissions dramatically.     

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁疲劳性能试验研究

通过对粘贴碳纤维布钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳试验研究,表明粘贴碳纤维布可以较大提高钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳性能,延长钢筋混凝土结构的使用寿命,为碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土结构的长期疲劳性能研究提供了试验依据。     

活性炭氧化改性及氯化氰消除的应用研究

本文选用硝酸为氧化剂对活性炭进行了处理,考察了硝酸浓度和处理时间对活性炭表面化学性质的影响,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪对改性活性炭进行了表征,考察了以改性活性炭为载体制备炭催化剂对氯化氰的消除性能。结果表明,硝酸浓度和处理时间是影响活性炭表面化学性质的重要因素,低浓度硝酸氧化改性提高了活性炭的表面亲水性而对活性炭的结构没有明显影响,制备的炭催化剂对氯化氰防护时间明显增长。当硝酸浓度为8%,处理时间5h～8h消除氯化氰效果最好。     

顶空-气相色谱法密封胶中总碳测试的研究

采用顶空-气相色谱法测定总碳挥发性有机物,研究了密封胶的固化时间、颗粒大小对总碳挥发性有机物的影响。试验结果表明:以氦气作为载气,在120℃下平衡5h,密封胶的固化时间及固化后经处理的颗粒大小对总碳测试结果影响较大。     

碳纤维复合材料避震塔强度性能多尺度优化设计

综合考虑机织复合材料成型及力学性能特点,设计了一体式结构3D机织碳纤维复合材料避震塔,并基于多尺度优化方法,综合考虑材料和结构参数,实现避震塔强度性能优化设计。为获取准确的仿真分析用材料参数,基于显微镜观测得到的机织参数建立多尺度预测模型。通过避震塔强度性能仿真分析与试验结果的对比,验证了考虑工艺过程影响的材料参数预测结果及结构性能仿真分析方法的正确性,与原高强钢避震塔相比,优化得到的3D机织碳纤维复合材料避震塔实现了50%的轻量化效果。     

汽车涂装车间喷漆室废气治理方案简析

汽车涂装车间常用活性炭和沸石转轮作为喷漆室废气处理方式,活性炭吸附设备处理能力大,性能可靠;沸石转轮处理效率高,吸附效果好.针对这2种常用的处理方案进行具体分析和介绍.重点介绍了2种方案各自不同的应用场景,不同应用特点及处理效率.2种废气处理方案均有实际项目运用,结合实际案例进行计算后,总结出了2种处理方案的优缺点以及...     

碳纤维布在桥梁加固中的应用

碳纤维布加固修复结构技术是近年来在国内外快速发展的一种结构加固修复新技术。本文结合湖北汉宜高速公路的加固工程,讨论了碳纤维布在桥梁加固中的工作原理,并对施工工艺的各个环节进行了详细介绍。试验结果表明,该工程取得了较好的结构性能。     

CFRP板侧面加固混凝土梁受弯性能的试验研究

采用在混凝土构件侧面粘贴碳纤维板这种新形式对受弯构件加固,研究该构件的受力性能。试验研究共设计9根适筋梁。试验重点研究加固梁的极限荷载、变形和碳纤维板粘贴形式对加固效果的影响。试验结果表明,使用碳纤维板侧面加固混凝土梁的破坏形态比较复杂,影响因素较多,变形仍然符合平截面假定;采用该加固方式可以显著提高梁的承载力,同时梁的刚度也较大幅度提高,仍保持良好的延性;加固梁的承载力和刚度随碳纤维板用量的增加而增大,但两者也不呈比例,碳纤维板的用量有一个限值。该结果可为实际工程应用,特别是当构件底面有障碍物无法加固底面时提供参考。     

湛江港一区南一期突堤码头维修设计

介绍湛江港一区南一期突堤码头维修设计所采用的维修、加固、防腐方法和新材料新技术在维修、加固和防腐工程中的应用。该设计实例表明:用该方法进行码头维修是延长旧码头使用寿命的经济、可行和有效的措施,该方法和所使用的材料可应用于各类海工结构的维修、加固防腐设计中。