我国交通运输业绿色低碳发展对策

随着温室效应给全球生态系统带来的负面影响越发严重,控制碳排放量的急剧增长刻不容缓。在当今的社会发展中,交通运输行业作为能耗大户和主要的CO₂排放源,已引起人们的广泛关注,引导该行业绿色低碳发展也成为未来的主流趋势。本文主要介绍了我国交通绿色低碳发展现状以及影响碳排放的主要因素,并针对当前绿色低碳交通面临的严峻挑战,提出切实可行的对策,为尽早实现交通领域碳达峰的目标提供理论支撑。     

集卡调度方式对集装箱港区碳排放的影响

集卡已成为集装箱港区内的主要碳排放源,尤其两艘大型集装箱船舶同时作业时,港区内集卡碳排放问题严重。针对该情况下集卡调度模式的特征,基于智能体仿真技术构建集装箱码头生产作业微观仿真模型,定量分析传统先卸后装、双船一装一卸、同贝同步装卸工艺下集卡调度方式与集卡配置数量对船舶在港时间、集卡碳排放量的影响。实例表明,采用同贝同步装卸作业方案可保证装卸效率,并有效减少集卡碳排放,而集卡配置数量只对集卡怠速行驶产生的碳排产生影响。     

西秦岭隧道TBM施工节能减排措施应用研讨

兰渝铁路西秦岭隧道是目前中国铁路建筑史上TBM掘进最长的隧道,工期紧,能源、资源投入大。项目根据TBM工法的实际特点,进一步夯实管理体制基础,紧绕"四节一环保"开展系列措施,同时依托科技创新,突出技术节能措施,并提出节能减排建议,在实现"高产低耗"方面取得了显著成效。     

Fluxes of biogenic carbon in the Southern Ocean: roles of large microphagous zooplankton

The Southern Ocean is an extreme environment, where waters are permanently cold, a seasonal ice cover extends over large areas, and the solar energy available for photosynthesis is severely restricted, either by vertical mixing to considerable depths or, especially south of the Antarctic Circle, by prolonged seasonal periods of low or no irradiance. Such conditions would normally lead to low productivity and a water column dominated by recycling processes involving microbial components of pelagic communities but this does not seem to be the case in the Southern Ocean, where there is efficient export to large apex predators and deep waters. This paper investigates the role of large microphagous zooplankton (salps, krill, and some large copepods) in the partitioning of biogenic carbon among the pools of short- and long-lived organic carbon and sequestered biogenic carbon. Large microphagous zooplankton are able to ingest microbial-sized particles and thus repackage small, non-sinking particles into both metazoan biomass and large, rapidly sinking faeces. Given the wide spatio-temporal extent of microbial trophic pathways in the Southern Ocean, large zooplankton that are omnivorous or able to ingest small food particles have a competitive advantage over herbivorous zooplankton. Krill efficiently transfer carbon to a wide array of apex predators and their faecal pellets are exported to depth during occasional brief sedimentation episodes in spring time. Salps may be a significant link towards some fish (directly) and other apex predators (indirectly) and, at some locations (especially in offshore waters) and time, they may account for most of the downward flux of biogenic carbon. Large copepods are a trophic link towards fish and at least one whale species, and their grazing activity generally impedes the export of organic particles to depth. As a result, biogenic carbon is channelled mainly towards apex predators and episodically into the deep ocean. Without these original interactions, Antarctic waters might well be dominated by microbial components and recycling processes instead of active export from the generally small primary producers towards large apex predators.     

光明桥的病害检测和维修加固

梁桥经过拓宽改建,形成了新、老梁体拼接的组合桥。此类桥梁由于新、老梁体的刚度不同及基础沉降原因出现拼接处开裂、错位等病害。以南奉公路光明桥为例,介绍了此类桥梁的检测、分析、病害修复的过程,对桥梁维修后的运行效果进行了跟踪观测。     

碳迁移对T91／12Cr1MoV异种钢管接头持久强度的影响

用焊接热模拟方法确定了焊后热处理工艺参数，通过选择９％Ｃｒ和５％Ｃｒ的焊材，研究了接头熔合区碳迁移行为，分析了脱碳层的碳浓度、碳化物类型、分布特征及其对接头持久强度 的影响。     

碳纤维材料加固破损预应力混凝土管桩的应用研究

主要研究了采用碳纤维材料修复加固破损圆环形截面混凝土构件时的情况,推导了混凝土构件的合理加固量和加固后的极限承载力的基本公式,并在此基础上推导出可供工程应用的简化公式。进行的相应的荷载试验验证了公式的可靠性。     

Study of optimal discharge pressure of compressor in CO2 refrigerating trans-critical cycle

In this paper, a carbon dioxide trans-critical refrigerating system which is different from a conventional subcritical refrigerating cycle was studied. The trans-critical carbon dioxide refrigerating systems are based on the Gustav Lorntzen cycle. Emphasis was focused on how to determine the optimal discharge pressure of compressor in CO2 trans-critical cycle. The factors related with the optimal discharge pressure were analyzed. A formula was developed based on cycle simulation, which could be used to predict the optimal discharge pressure of a basic CO2 trans-critical cycle. After further studies on CO2 trans-critical cycles with a regenerator or expander, two more formulas were also developed. These formulas could provide an access to improve the COP of CO2 trans-critical cycle.     

油田常用缓蚀剂评价

采用失重法,测定了两种油田常用缓蚀剂（HJF-94和WSL-1）对浸没于含CO_2的模拟油田采出水的A3钢的缓蚀作用,并计算腐蚀速率和缓蚀率。实验结果表明：HJF-94缓蚀剂在较低质量分数范围（0-0.1%）有较好的缓蚀效果,在较高质量分数范围（2%-3.5%）的缓蚀率均高于90%;WSL-1缓蚀剂在较高质量分数（1.5%-3%）时缓蚀率均为99%以上;添加了缓蚀剂的金属表面腐蚀轻微,表面光滑,且不存在明显的点蚀倾向。     

国际航运业船舶碳减排措施与行动

随着世界经济的发展,世界海运货物周转量随之增加,国际海运业的碳排放量持续增长,航运业减排的任务十分艰巨。本文结合航运业碳排放的特点,研究分析了国际海事组织(IMO)、欧盟及航运企业采取的一系列减排措施和采取的行动,为我国航运业减少碳排放提供了借鉴和参考依据。