碳纤维增强复合材料电池箱轻量化设计

对某电动汽车的电池箱进行轻量化设计。因上箱体主要作为密封件,故采用结构优化的轻量化方案,而下箱体主要作为承载件,因而采用碳纤维替换原始材料的轻量化方案。在碳纤维结构下箱体的轻量化设计中引入了多目标优化算法。仿真结果表明,所采用的轻量化方案在减轻质量的同时,还有效提高了电池箱的刚度和模态频率。     

Th-derived particulate organic carbon fluxes in the northern Barents Sea with comparison to drifting sediment trap fluxes

Large-volume sampling of ²³⁴Th was conducted to estimate particulate organic carbon (POC) export in conjunction with drifting sediment trap deployments in the northern Barents Sea in July 2003 and May 2005. ²³⁴Th-derived POC fluxes averaged 42.3 ± 39.7 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2003 and 47.1 ± 30.6 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2005. Sediment trap POC fluxes averaged 13.1 ± 8.2 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2003 and 17.3 ± 11.4 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2005, but better reflected the transient bloom conditions that were observed at each station within a season. Although ²³⁴Th fluxes agreed within a factor 2 at most stations and depths sampled, sediment trap POC fluxes were lower than large-volume POC flux estimates at almost every station. This may represent an under-collection of POC by the drifting sediment traps or, conversely, an over-collection of POC by the large-volume sampling of ²³⁴Th. It is hypothesized that the offset between the two methods is partly due to the presence of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis pouchetii, which potentially causes a large variation in > 53-μm POC/²³⁴Th ratios. Due to the large proportion of dissolved carbon or mucilage released by P. pouchetii, and because it is thought that P. pouchetii does not contribute significantly to the vertical export of biogenic matter in the Barents Sea, the application of large-volume sampling of ²³⁴Th may yield relatively high, and possibly inaccurate POC/²³⁴Th ratios. Hence, POC fluxes derived from ²³⁴Th sampling may be inappropriate and drifting sediment traps might be a more reliable method to measure the vertical export of biogenic matter in regions that have recurrent P. pouchetii blooms, such as the Barents Sea.     

Carbon flows in Baltic Sea food webs — a re-evaluation using a mass balance approach

The brackish Baltic Sea has been seen as particularly suitable for studies of food webs. Compared to fully marine ecosystems, it has low species diversity, which means fewer trophic linkages to analyse. The Baltic Sea is also one of the best-studied areas of the world, suggesting that most data requirements for food web models should be fulfilled. Nevertheless, the influence of physical and biological factors on trophic interactions and biogeochemical patterns varies spatially in the Baltic Sea, adding considerable complexity to food web studies. Food web structure and processes can be described and compared quantitatively between areas by estimating the flow of matter or energy through the organisms. Most such models have been based on carbon, though studies of complementary flows of other elements limiting production, such as nitrogen and phosphorus would be desirable. However, since ratios between carbon and other elements are used in calculating these flows, it is crucial, as a first step, to quantify the flows of carbon as accurately as possible.In this study, we used the EcopathII software (ver 3.1) to analyse models of carbon flow through the food webs in the three main areas of the Baltic Sea; the Baltic proper, Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay. A previously published study on carbon flow in the Baltic Sea [Elmgren, R. 1984. Trophic dynamics in the enclosed, brackish Baltic Sea. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. — Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. (183) 152–169.] was complemented with the data on respiration and flow to detritus [Wulff, F., Ulanowicz, R. 1989. A comparative anatomy of the Baltic Sea and Chesapeeake Bay ecosystems. In: F. Wulff, J.G. Field, K.H. Mann (Eds.), Flow Analysis of Marine Ecosystems: Theory and Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag.] in order to present complete mass balance models of carbon. The purpose of re-evaluating previous models with new analytic tools was to check how well their carbon flows balance, and to provide a basis for improved mass balance models using more recent data, including nutrients other than carbon.The resulting mass balance networks for the Baltic proper, Bothnian Sea and the Bothnian Bay were shown to deviate from steady state. There was an organic carbon surplus of 45, 25 and 18 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ in the pelagic zones of the Baltic proper, Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay, respectively. The Ecopath network analysis confirmed that the overall carbon flow was highest in the Baltic proper, somewhat lower in the Bothnian Sea and much lower in the Bothnian Bay. The only clear differences in food web structure between the basins was that the average trophic level was lower for demersal fish in the Bothnian Sea and higher for macrofauna in the Bothnian Bay, compared to the other basins. The analysis showed weakness in our current understanding in Baltic Sea food webs and highlighted areas where improvements could be made with more recent data.     

碳纤维筋喷浆法加固石拱桥技术分析及应用

提出以碳纤维筋和高强聚合物砂浆为补强材料的一种加固石拱桥的新方法。通过对碳纤维筋喷浆加固机理和力学特点的分析,明确了石拱桥偏心受压构件加固补强的计算方法,给出具体实施技术要点,并进行实际工程应用验证。结果表明,碳纤维筋喷浆加固的桥梁可有效提高承载能力,同时也可改善结构的耐久性,有较好的推广应用价值。     

Comparative analysis of the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of 40 electric,plug-in hybrid electric,hybrid electric and internal combustion engine vehicles

This paper analyses the results of the Royal Automobile Clubhallo’s 2011 RAC Future Car Challenge, an annual motoring challenge in which participants seek to consume the least energy possible while driving a 92 km route from Brighton to London in the UK. The results reveal that the vehicle’s power train type has the largest impact on energy consumption and emissions. The traction ratio, defined as the fraction of time spent on the accelerator in relation to the driving time, and the amount of regenerative braking have a significant effect on the individual energy consumption of vehicles. In contrast, the average speed does not have a great effect on a vehicles’ energy consumption in the range 25–70 km/h.     

基于国六法规的碳罐脱附流量对蒸发排放性能的影响

国内整车排放不断加严,对燃油系统的开发带来了极大的挑战。为了应对国Ⅵ法规对蒸发排放性能的要求,文章以某一车型蒸发排放试验超过限值为引入点,详细分析了影响蒸发排放性能的各个因素,总结出在开发过程中控制蒸发排放性能的方法。     

减磨型碳纤维复合材料受电弓滑板的研制

介绍减磨型碳纤维复合材料电力机车受电弓滑板的设计思路和关键技术,从碳纤维、石墨和树脂等方面进行改进,提高滑板的抗冲击强度,减少滑板断裂、掉块的发生,延长滑板使用寿命,减少由此原因造成的弓网故障。同时介绍了该滑板的技术性能和工艺流程。     

碳纤维水泥砂浆柱体轴压下力电性能尺寸效应研究

采用54个3种尺寸的几何相似碳纤维水泥砂浆试样,在给定电压下测试柱体电极间的电流；测试轴向应变下电阻率和柱体的极限荷栽,分析给定应力下试件的灵敏度系数,计算轴压下柱体的抗压强度.研究表明:碳纤维水泥砂浆棱柱体具有压敏特性,可以利用电阻变化率来监控构件的自损伤；碳纤维水泥砂浆棱柱体的电阻率随着试件尺寸的增大而减小,即试样...     

积极发展低碳交通运输体系的思路

围绕我国建立以低碳排放为特征的交通运输体系目标，就其实现的有效途径及如何进行建设落实进行了分析和阐述。     

α—γ系爆炸焊接复合板加热后碳迁移规律

对α－γ系爆炸焊接复合板加热后碳迁移引起的增碳层宽度的变化规律进行了研究，得出了增碳层宽度的变化与Ｔ和t关系的数学模型，该模型的试验结果与试验数据有良好的一致性。