CFRP筋用作斜拉桥拉索的研究与应用进展

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)斜拉索具有轻质、高强、耐腐蚀以及抗疲劳等优良的性能,在未来大跨度斜拉桥中具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了CFRP拉索的研究与应用现状,总结了目前国内外应用CFRP拉索的试验性斜拉桥,并简要介绍了我国已建成的第一座CFRP拉索斜拉桥。较为详细地分析了CFRP拉索的基本性能、优势;对其面临的一些问题,特别是锚固体系方面的问题进行了探讨;最后对CFRP拉索在应用研究方面还有待开展的一些主要工作进行了展望。     

Annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the Weddell Sea derived from a surface layer balance, including estimations of entrainment and new production

Data from two cruises, one in April/May 1996 and one in December/January 1993, covering the same wide area in the offshore Weddell Sea, were used to derive the annual extent of entrainment and the capacity of the biological pump. The former property was obtained with the help of dissolved oxygen data, whereas the latter was approximated with nutrients. Especially the data from April/May, representing the initial state of the winter surface layer, were crucial to assess the annual extent of these processes. The results were applied to our carbon dioxide data. The annual increase of the Total CO₂ (TCO₂) concentration in the surface layer due to vertical transport amounts to 16.3 μmol kg⁻¹. An entrainment rate of deep water in the surface layer amounting to 35±10 m yr⁻¹ was deduced. The compensating, biologically mediated TCO₂ reduction was calculated to be larger than the TCO₂ increase due to vertical transport. Since the balance of these two processes determines whether the Weddell Sea is a source or a sink of CO₂, this indicates that the Weddell Sea, albeit upwelling area, is definitely a sink for atmospheric CO₂ on an annual basis. This conclusion is further supported by contemplations that the biological drawdown of CO₂ in the Weddell Sea as a whole is probably underestimated by our calculations. The new production for the Weddell Sea on a per unit area basis was found to be much higher than that for the Antarctic Ocean, when the latter value is being obtained by traditional biological methods. On the other hand, the CO₂ uptake by the Weddell Sea on a per unit area basis is somewhat smaller than the CO₂ uptake by the world ocean.     

碳纤维加固桥梁的设计与试验研究

探讨在原有抗弯能力不足的空心板下采用粘贴碳纤维加固的方法，对加固前后的荷载进行对比试验，结果表明．粘贴碳纤维可以有效增大截面抗弯刚度，改善梁底砼应变水平。     

碳纤维布用于加固钢筋混凝土构件的行为透视

利用碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土构件以提高承载能力及延长寿命是目前比较流行的方法。本文采用分离式有限元模型分析了碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土构件裂缝及界面处的应力状态，并对其承载能力的提高性能进行了机理分析和推算。分析结果表明，碳纤维布使得构件在裂缝处的应力分布更加趋于平缓、应力减小，且承载能力及刚度随着配筋率的不同均有不同程度的提高。     

碳纤维加固桥梁新技术

碳纤维以其具有极好的比强度和比刚度，优秀的耐腐蚀性已广泛用于混凝土结构的粘贴加固工程，并已逐步形成了碳纤维加固混凝土桥梁的新技术。就这一新技术的材料特性、施工方法等进行了探讨。     

复叠式CO2/NH3低温制冷系统热力学分析

复叠式制冷系统具有良好的应用前景,利用自然工质CO_2、NH_3做制冷剂使系统有着很大的优势;对影响复叠制冷循环性能系数的几个因素进行热力学分析,并指出此系统的特点。     

装配式空心钢管混凝土支撑技术研究及应用

在“双碳”战略背景下提出一种新型装配式空心钢管混凝土支撑。为了研究其受力性能并将其应用于地下车站深基坑工程中,设计并加工2个足尺寸空心钢管混凝土支撑试件,完成轴压加载试验,2个支撑试件最后均发生了混凝土压碎破坏,同时得到试件承载力指标。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立空心钢管混凝土支撑的数值模型,开展考虑材料非线性和几何非线性的有限元分析,所得数值分析结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的准确性。试验和有限元结果充分表明所提出的新型装配式空心钢管混凝土支撑满足常规工程设计要求,已成功应用于“汤马区间”2号风井工程,并与现浇钢筋混凝土支撑和装配式钢管支撑进行比较分析,结果表明该新型支撑可以显著降低碳排放量和经济成本。     

双向碳纤维网格在上海堤防维修加固工程中的应用

堤防结构定期维修加固是预防安全隐患,确保堤防设施安全运行的重要手段。结合双向碳纤维网格在上海堤防设施维修加固工程的首次应用实例,介绍了碳纤维网格加固方法,分析了碳纤维网格加固系统在堤防维修加固工程中的适用性和先进性,探究了碳纤维网格受弯加固原理,推导了受弯承载力计算公式并验证了公式的正确性,为类似堤防维修加固工程提供参考和借鉴。     

许营桥加固维修技术探讨

结合聊城市省道710线许营桥(K28+835)的加固维修工程,详细介绍了粘贴碳纤维布技术在旧桥加固中的应用以及利用丙乳修补混凝土表面缺陷的施工经验。     

Hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles offer low-cost climate benefits in China

Car ownership in China is expected to grow dramatically in the coming decades. If growing personal vehicle demand is met with conventional cars, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions will be substantial. One way to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from passenger travel is to meet growing demand for cars with alternative vehicles such as hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles (HEVs and BEVs). Our study examines the cost-effectiveness of transitioning from conventional cars to HEVs and BEVs, by calculating their marginal abatement cost (MAC) of carbon in the long-run. We find that transitioning from conventional to hybrid and battery electric light-duty, four-wheel vehicles can achieve carbon emissions reductions at a negative cost (i.e. at a net benefit) in China. In 2030, the average MAC is estimated to be about −$140/ton CO₂ for HEVs and −$515/ton CO₂-saved for BEVs, varying by key parameters. The total mitigation potential of each vehicle technology is estimated to be 1.38 million tons for HEVs and 0.75 million tons for BEVs.