公路交通服务能力的绿色安全指标研究

国际上公路交通服务能力皆以道路拥堵情况(V/C 值)及行车顺畅程度为评估 标准,缺乏对交通安全潜在社会成本、时间成本及环境保护的测量.根据国际社会对绿色 经济、绿色交通运输的重视与发展趋势,本文以台湾电子收费系统的数据为基础,针对不 同交通流需求量、路段平均行驶速率衍生的时间成本与污染排放、交通安全等因子,分别 构建出行时间延滞成本、碳排放增量成本、潜在肇事概率成本等3 个参数指标,利用这3 个指标构建综合型绿色安全交通服务指标(Green and Safety Index for traffic levels of service, GSI),作为划分交通服务水平的评估标准,并通过实时在线软件,提供出行者道路 出行延滞、碳排放及安全等社会成本信息.     

基于交通结构发展情景分析的城市交通碳排放测算研究

随着我国城市化和机动化进程的不断加快,在满足居民出行需求的同时,需要更加合理的出行结构来促进交通环境的改善.本文利用不同方法分析测算了城市交通碳排放现状,结合低碳目标的城市客运交通结构优化模型探讨了交通出行比例不变、交通出行比例优化和交通出行比例失衡三种发展情景.分析表明,不同情景下的城市交通碳排量的平均年增长率分别为13.1%、7.3%和15.3%.公共交通是交通结构优化的主要推动力,只有在公共交通分担率不断上升的同时,控制并降低小汽车交通出行比例,才能降低碳排放总量的增长速度.     

Al-Zr合金高温内耗峰的研究

通过倒摆内耗仪研究了Al-Zr合金的高温晶界峰和竹节峰的产生和相互关系、竹节峰及其高温背底随退火条件变化的规律和热处理制度对竹节峰的影响。提出了在高纯铝的竹节晶界上可能存在偏析粒子的观点,从而用Mori理论解释了实验中所观察到的实验结果。     

Present-day biosiliceous sedimentation in the northwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica

Sedimentological and oceanographic inferences have been obtained for the NW Ross Sea using sedimentary ²¹⁰Pb as a tracer together with determinations of biogenic silica and organic carbon. ²¹⁰Pb chronologies give apparent accumulation rates ranging between 14 and 80 mg cm⁻² yr⁻¹ (0.02–0.12 cm yr⁻¹) in the shelf basins. Even if a profile of ²¹⁰Pb is present in sediments from the top of the banks, here sediment accumulation rate is practically null, and physical mixing is responsible for the downward transport of fine particles and associated ²¹⁰Pb. The accuracy of ²¹⁰Pb-derived accumulation rates is discussed with respect to ¹⁴C dates. The annual rate of biogenic accumulation from ²¹⁰Pb appears to be ca. 8 times higher than the value derived using radiocarbon. Bioturbation is probably responsible for the discrepancy but also temporal and spatial variations in opal accumulation play a key-role. Contrasting measured and expected inventories of ²¹⁰Pb, a residence time of about 50 years has been tentatively estimated for the water in the NW Ross Sea. Furthermore, the data suggest that the pattern of present-day biosiliceous sediment accumulation in the Ross Sea is mainly driven by biogenic silica production in the water column, the SW area being the most productive part of the Ross Sea, by high sediment accumulation rate which enhances the seabed preservation, and by hydrodynamics, which is so effective to resuspend fine biogenic particles from the topographic highs. Resuspended particles are then deposited onto the flanks. The material which accumulates in the central part of the basins derives basically from primary production and settling through the water column.     

Carbon flux in ice–ocean–plankton systems of the Bellingshausen Sea during a period of ice retreat

Most analyses of marine microbial systems in the seasonally ice covered areas of the Southern Ocean have been based on data from the major embayment areas of the Ross and Weddell Seas. In this study data were collected at stations covering a range of regimes from full ice cover through to open water in the Bellingshausen Sea. A major feature of the production system was a rapid retreat of the ice-edge, which uncoupled the marginal ice zone from a phytoplankton bloom which remained associated with a frontal system. This bloom was maintained, and probably initiated, in an unusual environment generated by the interaction between the marginal ice zone and the front. Size-based analyses of the microbial system were derived for ice-covered, recently ice-covered and open water sites. Estimates of standing stocks and key rate processes were combined to produce a single food web network for each station. The under-ice system was one of low production and low recycling but apparently high retention. As the ice retreated the microbial systems to the north began to develop, but these were constrained by grazing pressure. The bloom in the area appeared to be sustained even though estimated losses were far higher than production, although the high sedimentation losses expected were not observed. The carbon flow networks are discussed in relation to the environmental changes and the interaction of the marginal ice zone and the frontal system appears crucial to the phytoplankton. Microzooplankton grazing is implicated as a major controlling factor. The local microbial dynamics are strongly influenced by material which was produced at an earlier time and somewhere else in the Southern Ocean.     

粘贴碳纤维加固混凝土工程施工技术

本文以天津滨海新区海防路上的临港立交桥加固改造为例 ,较详细地阐述了使用纤维加固混凝土工程的施工组织、施工工艺以及质量验收等 ,是混凝土结构补强技术的最新发展     

PRESSUREEFFECTONTHEHEATTRANSFERINBATHOFSUPERFLUIDHELIUM

ＰＲＥＳＳＵＲＥＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＮＴＨＥＨＥＡＴＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＩＮＢＡＴＨＯＦＳＵＰＥＲＦＬＵＩＤＨＥＬＩＵＭ＊ＷａｎｇＲｕｚｈｕＺｈａｎｇＰｅｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＲｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＣｒｙｏｇｅｎｉｃｓ）ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＣｏｎｓ...     

CFRP缆索体系悬索桥的优势及可行性研究

在与钢缆索悬索桥比较的基础上,讨论CFRP缆索体系悬索桥的优势及其可行性,提出可能遇到的技术问题和可供参考的解决方案,并指出今后需加强研究的内容。     

碳纤维材料在桥梁加固中的应用

介绍了桥梁中常用的加固技术并进行了对比分析,分析了碳纤维增强塑料的特性以及碳纤维加固设计原理和方法,重点阐述了碳纤维加固的施工工艺,通过工程实例对碳纤维加固效果进行验证,并指出碳纤维材料为未来桥梁加固的发展方向。     

1 000 m级CFRP索斜拉桥静力特性分析

通过具体算例采用有限元法分析CFRP索斜拉桥的各非线性因素的影响量,并与钢索斜拉桥进行对比。鉴于CFRP的线膨胀系数远小于钢材或混凝土的线膨胀系数,计算了4种不同结构体系的CFRP索斜拉桥和钢索斜拉桥在温度荷载下的静力反应,计算结果表明CFRP索斜拉桥相对于钢索斜拉桥在静力方面具有较多优势。