在对称卡诺图上化简多输出布尔函数

用解析法或卡诺图对比法化简多输出的开关电路,既不直观,又易漏项,而且工作繁琐,使用不便.本文把多输出的化简移入对称卡诺图中进行,可准确求出最简布尔式.此法也可往计算机上进行,使用方便,容易掌握.     

船用柴油机排气冷却降噪装置性能仿真与实验研究

在特定情况下,船用大功率柴油机排气温度和噪声会受到严格限制,为解决这一问题,考虑在柴油机后安装冷却降噪装置.现应用湍流气粒两相流动的计算流体力学理论,对冷却降噪装置的冷却效果及阻力特性进行仿真计算,计算结果和试验吻合较好.     

“超级城市”——天津城市交通方式的展望

该文针对天津2020年将发展成为"超级城市"这个课题论述了第三代城市——"低碳生态城",结合天津"双港双城"新的城市总体发展战略,对未来城市交通模式——绿色交通进行研讨,通过对"超级城市"未来的车与路的展望,对道路交通设计提出8点新理念,对公交专用道、慢行交通——自行车专用道、人行道布设及道路横断面设计的创新思路进行初步研讨,可供同行参考。     

浅谈降低SMA改性沥青路面面层离析质量控制

该文以珠海市港湾大道(金顶转盘至金塘路口段)改道工程为例,介绍了在使用SMA改性沥青路面过程中,为降低其面层的离析问题,而采取的各项技术措施,可供同行参考。     

Common underlying steering curves for motorcycles in steady turns

We study the steady turn behaviours of some light motorcycle models on circular paths, using the commercial software package ADAMS-Motorcycle. Steering torque and steering angle are obtained for several path radii and a range of steady forward speeds. For path radii much greater than motorcycle wheelbase, and for all motorcycle parameters including tyre parameters held fixed, dimensional analysis can predict the asymptotic behaviour of steering torque and angle. In particular, steering torque is a function purely of lateral acceleration plus another such function divided by path radius. Of these, the first function is numerically determined, while the second is approximated by an analytically determined constant. Similarly, the steering angle is a function purely of lateral acceleration, plus another such function divided by path radius. Of these, the first is determined numerically while the second is determined analytically. Both predictions are verified through ADAMS simulations for various tyre and geometric parameters. In summary, steady circular motions of a given motorcycle with given tyre parameters can be approximately characterised by just one curve for steering torque and one for steering angle.     

Design of a feedback-feedforward steering controller for accurate path tracking and stability at the limits of handling

This paper presents a feedback-feedforward steering controller that simultaneously maintains vehicle stability at the limits of handling while minimising lateral path tracking deviation. The design begins by considering the performance of a baseline controller with a lookahead feedback scheme and a feedforward algorithm based on a nonlinear vehicle handling diagram. While this initial design exhibits desirable stability properties at the limits of handling, the steady-state path deviation increases significantly at highway speeds. Results from both linear and nonlinear analyses indicate that lateral path tracking deviations are minimised when vehicle sideslip is held tangent to the desired path at all times. Analytical results show that directly incorporating this sideslip tangency condition into the steering feedback dramatically improves lateral path tracking, but at the expense of poor closed-loop stability margins. However, incorporating the desired sideslip behaviour into the feedforward loop creates a robust steering controller capable of accurate path tracking and oversteer correction at the physical limits of tyre friction. Experimental data collected from an Audi TTS test vehicle driving at the handling limits on a full length race circuit demonstrates the improved performance of the final controller design.     

基于交通仿真的低碳交通策略评价方法研究

研究了交通领域低碳策略的分类,构建了不同层次交通仿真模型与低碳交通策略评价的对应关系,提出了交通仿真技术在低碳交通策略方案评价中的应用步骤。结合交通仿真模型输出数据特点、低碳策略评价的侧重点,选取碳排放量和机动车污染物排放量作为低碳策略评价的主要指标。在此基础上,以秦皇岛2020年规划路网为分析对象,开展了不同出行方式比例下低碳类指标的对比分析研究,以说明基于交通仿真的低碳交通策略评价方法的可行性和有效性。     

柴油机尿素SCR氨分布均匀性的试验与模拟优化

在发动机排气温度300℃、排气流量400kg/h的条件下,测量了尿素SCR催化剂载体前端面的NH3浓度分布。测试结果表明:载体前端面NH3浓度分布均匀性较差,NH3浓度最大值约是最小值的6倍,试验NH3分布均匀性指数仅为0.791。为了提高NH3的分布均匀性,采用CFD软件建立了该SCR系统的流动以及尿素水溶液的喷雾、热解和水解反应等模型,并研究了混合器对NH3浓度分布的影响。模拟结果表明:尿素水溶液喷射后,部分液滴发生撞壁,在排气管直管段大部分液滴集中沿管壁方向运动,进入进口多孔管后液滴分散开,但整体液滴分布不均匀。安装混合器能够使NH3分布均匀性指数和NOx转化效率提高约10%。     

衬砌劣化对水下盾构隧道变形的影响分析

针对目前世界最大直径水下盾构隧道的工程背景和劣化环境,通过分析衬砌劣化机理和行业规范标准确定了以有效厚度考量衬砌结构劣化,采用强度折减原理对强度参数进行逐步地折减,建立了考虑地层土性和覆土厚度影响的水下盾构隧道衬砌劣化模型,运用数值计算方法分析了衬砌劣化的多种组合工况,从而对衬砌劣化引起上海长江隧道（崇明越江通道）变形的特征表现和趋势规律进行了研究和探讨。研究结果表明：基于有效厚度折减的衬砌劣化分析方法能够有效地反映劣化后隧道结构的整体变形状况,且计算结果可靠合理,可为盾构隧道健康状态诊断与分析提供理论依据和技术支持,也可为运营管理部门正确及时的养护维修提供借鉴和指导。     

临时路径发生器学引的UUV跟踪控制(英文)

A path following control algorithm for an unmanned underwater vehicle(UUV) using temporary path generation guidance was proposed in this paper.Owing to different initial states of the vehicle,such as position and orientation,the path following control in the horizontal plane may yield a poor performance.To deal with the negative effect induced by initial states,a temporary path generation was presented based on the relationship between the original reference path and the vehicle’s initial states.With different relative positions between the vehicle and reference path,including out of straight lines,as well as inside and outside a circle,the related temporary paths guiding the vehicle to the reference path were able to be generated in real time.The vehicle was guided to steer along the temporary path until it reached the tangent point at the reference path,where the controller was designed using the input-output feedback linearization method.Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective under the three different situations mentioned above.