既有桥梁缺陷分析与加固技术探讨

对目前既有桥梁存在的主要缺陷进行了较全面的分析,通过对传统桥梁加固方法的优缺点的论述,提出碳纤维材料加固桥梁的优越性。     

合宁高速公路某座斜腿刚构桥梁的加固分析

斜腿刚构桥梁因其优点，在高速公路的桥梁建设上拥有一席之地。但由于早期对结构受力的分析理论不发达，以及施工工艺不成熟．导致早期修建的这种类型的桥梁不同程度的存在缺陷，迫切需要对这类桥梁的加固进行理论分析和工程实践的指导。     

沥青路面表面裂纹扩展模拟及影响因素分析

用基于线弹性断裂力学的有限元法，计算了3种深度路面表面裂纹分别在5种载荷(工况)作用下的应力强度因子及裂纹起裂角，模拟了表面裂纹向下扩展的路径，并分析了路面结构层组合和温度对沥青路面表面裂纹扩展的影响．结果表明，温度、结构层厚度和面层弹性模量对裂纹扩展有明显的影响，且表面裂纹深度越大，影响越显著．     

舒肝丸对大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及对胆汁分泌的影响

目的　研究舒肝丸对肝损伤的保护作用 ,以及对胆汁分泌的影响。方法　用四氯化碳致大鼠急性肝损伤 ,以生化指标和病理变化评价舒肝丸的药物作用。以胆总管插管引流法观察药物对胆汁分泌的影响。结果　与模型对照组比较 ,舒肝丸给药组AST、ALT及胆红素指标明显下降 ,白蛋白与球蛋白比值 (A/G)倒置明显改善 ;病理切片显示各给药组与病理模型组比较 ,肝组织损伤明显减轻。舒肝丸给药前后对胆汁分泌量无明显影响。结论　舒肝丸对四氯化碳所致的大鼠急性肝损伤有保护作用 ,而对胆汁分泌无影响     

数字摄影测量在道路选线中的应用

计算机技术的飞速发展,给道路设计带来了极大的方便,数字摄影测量在道路选线中的应用,其过程主要是利用全数字摄影测量系统(VirtuoZo)生成DEM(数字高程模型),由建立的带状DEM内插出带状横断面,自动绘制公路路线平面地形图;再根据平面曲线各个测点的平面坐标和带状DEM内插线状纵断面,最后将线状纵断面进行平滑处理.     

五跨连续拱桥落架施工控制分析

利民桥为5跨连续拱桥,以其落架施工为研究背景,采用刚度折减的方法进行有限元模拟分析,并对应力、变形进行监控。通过实测值与理论值的对比分析可以看出,文章采取的落架方案满足设计要求,对同类桥梁的施工具有参考意义。     

静态多路径交通分配模型综述

静态交通分配反映路网交通流的拥挤性、路径选择的随机性等典型交通流特征,是交通规划方案评价和路网分析的重要方法.文章在介绍交通分配理论的基础上,对静态多路径交通分配的发展进行分析,并总结了静态多路径非平衡交通分配法的关键问题,分别对路阻函数及路权的计算、有效路径的定义、路网最短路算法、分配算法流程设计4个方面进行研究,总结静态交通非平衡分配法存在的不足,可为交通分配研究提供参考.     

Experimental investigations on the damping effect due to passengers on flexural vibrations of railway vehicle carbody and basic studies on the mimicry of the effect with simple substitutions

The effect of passengers on a railway vehicle is usually considered as additional mass in designing a carbody. However, previous studies by means of stationary excitation tests or running tests using actual vehicles indicate that passengers behave not as mass but as damping. In this paper, the authors examined the passengers' damping effect under controlled excitation conditions on a roller rig through a series of excitation tests using a commuter-type vehicle. Large and multi-modal reductions of flexural vibrations of the carbody were observed when passengers existed. Influences of the number of passengers, distributions and postures of passengers were investigated. The authors also tried to mimic the damping effect by passengers using flexible tanks filled with fluids. Three kinds of fluids which have different viscosities have been tested. As a result of the excitation tests, good vibration reduction effects were observed by applying those tanks, and it has been found that the flexible tanks filled with fluids bring about vibration reduction effect (including multi-modal reduction) which is equal to or rather better than the case of similar mass of passengers in the carbody; the difference of viscosity gave little affect on the damping abilities. From these measurement results, a possibility of realising effective damping devices against flexural vibrations of railway vehicle carbodies representing passengers damping effect, in a simple, economical and environmental friendly way, has been demonstrated.     

An optimal model-based trajectory following architecture synthesising the lateral adaptive preview strategy and longitudinal velocity planning for highly automated vehicle

Automated driving has received a broad of attentions from the academia and industry, since it is effective to greatly reduce the severity of potential traffic accidents and achieve the ultimate automobile safety and comfort. This paper presents an optimal model-based trajectory following architecture for highly automated vehicle in its driving tasks such as automated guidance or lane keeping, which includes a velocity-planning module, a steering controller and a velocity-tracking controller. The velocity-planning module considering the optimal time-consuming and passenger comforts simultaneously could generate a smooth velocity profile. The robust sliding mode control (SMC) steering controller with adaptive preview time strategy could not only track the target path well, but also avoid a big lateral acceleration occurred in its path-tracking progress due to a fuzzy-adaptive preview time mechanism introduced. In addition, an SMC controller with input–output linearisation method for velocity tracking is built and validated. Simulation results show this trajectory following architecture are effective and feasible for high automated driving vehicle, comparing with the Driver-in-the-Loop simulations performed by an experienced driver and novice driver, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that the present trajectory following architecture could plan a satisfying longitudinal speed profile, track the target path well and safely when dealing with different road geometry structure, it ensures a good time efficiency and driving comfort simultaneously.     

溶液燃烧法制备TiV_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)Er_(0.01)O_x催化剂催化还原NO_x的性能研究

为了拓宽选择性催化还原NO_x钒基催化剂的活性温度窗口,采用溶液燃烧合成法制备了TiV_(0.1)O_x催化剂,依次加入Mn元素与Er元素形成新的催化剂,分别对它们进行了SCR活性及选择性测试,发现负载Mn元素可以提高钒基催化剂的低温活性,同时也会降低钒基催化剂的高温活性,负载适量的Er元素可以提高钒基催化剂的高温活性和N_2选择性。利用N2吸附脱附法进行BET比表面积和孔容孔径分析,发现负载Er元素增大了比表面积,进而提升了催化剂活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)图谱进行晶体结构分析,所有催化剂样品均没有发现VO_x,MnO_x或ErO_x的衍射峰,说明溶液燃烧法制备的催化剂活性组分在TiO2颗粒上呈无定型态分布,分散度高。最终优选出最佳Mn和Er比例的TiV_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)Er_(0.01)O_x催化剂,在160~470℃之间保持80%以上的NO_x去除率。