铁路路基病害无损检测车载探地雷达系统研制及应用

针对铁路路基病害进行快速、无损、连续检测的需求,根据探地雷达探测原理,研制铁路路基病害无损检测车载探地雷达系统。该系统由轨道车、收发一体天线、采集仪、电池和测量轮组成。轨道车速为40km.h-1时,可沿铁路走向实现间隔0.17 m的连续采样测量。车速越慢,横向测量间隔越小,探测分辨率越高。选用500 MHz天线进行探测时,深度方向探测分辨率可达0.1 m。利用研制的雷达系统沿铁路走向在轨枕正上方和路肩区的现场检测结果表明:来自钢轨的连续反射信号和轨枕的多次反射信号,压制路基基床的有效反射信号,使探测剖面信噪比大大降低,但经预测反褶积和带通滤波去噪处理后,剖面信噪比明显提高。对胶济铁路病害区的实测结果表明,该系统对路基病害分布和空间形态具有良好的探测能力。     

微波活性炭处理高浓度苯酚洗舱废水的研究

文章考察了活性炭吸附-微波再生技术对船舶化学品洗舱废水的处理效果。结果表明,微波再生不仅可以恢复活性炭的吸附效果,而且可以提供活性炭的吸附容量,经微波再生后活性炭的吸附容量由原来的196.4 mg/g增加到271.1 mg/g;微波再生后活性炭比表面积由原来的746.1 m2/g增加到888.4 m2/g,累积孔体积由原来的0.37 cm2/g增加到0.42 cm2/g;微波再生后活性炭羧基数量明显降低,很大程度上阻碍了水分子簇的形成,促使有机物容易扩散到活性炭的微孔中,进一步微波对活性炭的再生作用。     

On uniqueness and proportionality in multi-class equilibrium assignment

Over the past few years, much attention has been paid to computing flows for multi-class network equilibrium models that exhibit uniqueness of the class flows and proportionality (Bar-Gera et al., 2012). Several new algorithms have been developed such as bush based methods of Bar-Gera (2002), Dial (2006), and Gentile (2012) that are able to obtain very fine solutions of network equilibrium models. These solutions can be post processed (Bar-Gera, 2006) in order to ensure proportionality and class uniqueness of the flows. Recently developed, the TAPAS, algorithm (Bar Gera, 2010) is able to produce solutions that have proportionality embedded, without requiring post processing. It was generally accepted that these methods for solving UE traffic assignment are the only way to obtain unique path and class link flows. The purpose of this paper is to show that the linear approximation method and some of its variants satisfy these conditions as well. In addition, some analytical results regarding the relation between steps of the linear approximation algorithm and the path flows entropy are presented.     

环抱式港区建设期泥沙回淤数值模拟研究

在淤泥质海岸建港,泥沙回淤是必须考虑的首要问题。文中应用波流共同作用下的大范围泥沙数学模型,模拟计算了连云港港徐圩港区建设期不同布置方案下的泥沙回淤情况。研究结果表明：徐圩港区在建设期的回淤中,内航道所占比重较大,主要与港区水域面积有关。因此,在环抱式港区的建设过程中,应尽可能早地实施港区内的规划围垦项目,以达到防淤减淤的目的。     

基于缩减自由度的状态空间法计算伸缩全回转推进器轴系扭振

根据拉格朗日方程法,给出自由度缩减原理,将具有一个转动自由度的半正定系统缩减一个自由度,转化成正定系统,刚度矩阵不再奇异,采用状态空间法求解系统在时域上的强迫振动响应,其角位移结果能够直观的反映出系统的振动特性,对结果进行比对分析。     

Resistance analysis of unsymmetrical trimaran model with outboard sidehulls configuration

The application of multi-hull ship or trimaran vessel as a mode of transports in both river and sea environments have grown rapidly in recent years.Trimaran vessels are currently of interest for many new high speed ship projects due to the high levels of hydrodynamic efficiency that can be achieved,compared to the mono-hull and catamaran hull forms.The purpose of this study is to identify the possible effects of using an unsymmetrical trimaran ship model with configuration（S/L） 0.1-0.3 and R/L=0.1-0.2.Unsymmetrical trimaran ship model with main dimensions： L=2000mm,B=200 mm and T=45 mm.Experimental methods（towing tank） were performed in the study using speed variations at Froude number 0.1-0.6.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was measured precisely by using a load cell transducer.The comparison of ship resistance for each configuration with mono-hull was shown on the graph as a function of the total resistance coefficient and Froude number.The test results found that the effective drag reduction could be achieved up to 17% at Fr=0.35 with configuration S/L=0.1.     

Distributed computing approaches for large‐scale probit‐based stochastic user equilibrium problems

Applications of probit‐based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) principle on large‐scale networks have been largely limited because of the overwhelming computational burden in solving its stochastic network loading problem. A two‐stage Monte Carlo simulation method is recognized to have satisfactory accuracy level when solving this stochastic network loading. This paper thus works on the acceleration of the Monte Carlo simulation method via using distributed computing system. Three distributed computing approaches are then adopted on the workload partition of the Monte Carlo simulation method. Wherein, the first approach allocates each processor in the distributed computing system to solve each trial of the simulation in parallel and in turns, and the second approach assigns all the processors to solve the shortest‐path problems in one trial of the Monte Carlo simulation concurrently. The third approach is a combination of the first two, wherein both different trials of the Monte Carlo simulation as well as the shortest path problems in one trial are solved simultaneously. Performances of the three approaches are comprehensively tested by the Sioux‐Falls network and then a randomly generated network example. It shows that computational time for the probit‐based SUE problem can be largely reduced by any of these three approaches, and the first approach is found out to be superior to the other two. The first approach is then selected to calculate the probit‐based SUE problem on a large‐scale network example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enablers and Barriers to the Adoption of Alternatively Powered Buses

Abstract

This paper seeks to identify enablers and barriers that stimulate or prevent the adoption of alternatively powered buses (APBs) in cities. The research method concentrates on an in‐depth analysis of 21 European demonstration case studies of APBs. Considerable differences exist between these cities due to the different reference situation. The type of measurement and the situation in the demonstration cities influence the exact fuel consumption and emission reduction. Variables that could enable the adoption of all types of APBs are: (1) the compatibility with previously introduced ideas; (2) the already available necessary supporting infrastructure in the city; (3) a changed external appearance of the APB; (4) the acceptance of the APBs by passengers and bus drivers; and (5) political support in the city regarding the APBs. The main variables that could be determined as barriers are: the relative economic advantage (the outline of costs is higher than that of conventional buses); and the understanding of the APB for bus drivers and mechanics (because special training is needed for both groups).     

强度折减法在公路高边坡稳定性分析中的应用

边坡稳定性分析是公路工程的一个重要领域,目前工程中常用的方法为极限平衡法,而学术研究领域内则使用数值模拟法的频率较高。运用有限元强度折减法,结合数值软件ABAQUS强大的非线性分析功能,对某公路高边坡进行了稳定性分析。由于折减系数与传统极限平衡法中的安全系数有着相同的意义,因而可进行对比分析,结合两者的优点,实现对工程更加有效的指导。