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901.
常规的沥青路面养护维修方式会产生大量的旧沥青路面废弃材料,对环境造成不良影响,不仅增加了工程投资,也造成巨大的资源压力。该文以安徽省干线公路沥青路面再生技术为例,分析了沥青路面厂拌热再生技术、水泥就地冷再生技术、全深式厂拌冷再生技术在安徽省干线公路养护维修中所带来的巨大社会、环境和经济效益。 相似文献
902.
This paper presents an investigation of the temporal evolution of commuting mode choice preference structures. It contributes to two specific modelling issues: latent modal captivity and working with multiple repeated crossectional datasets. In this paper latent modal captivity refers to captive reliance on a specific mode rather than all feasible modes. Three household travel survey datasets collected in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) over a ten-year time period are used for empirical modelling. Datasets collected in different years are pooled and separate year-specific scale parameters and coefficients of key variables are estimated for different years. The empirical model clearly explains that there have been significant changes in latent modal captivity and the mode choice preference structures for commuting in the GTHA. Changes have occurred in the unexplained component of latent captivities, in transportation cost perceptions, and in the scales of commuting mode choice preferences. The empirical model also demonstrates that pooling multiple repeated cross-sectional datasets is an efficient way of capturing behavioural changes over time. Application of the proposed mode choice model for practical policy analysis and forecasting will ensure accurate forecasting and an enhanced understanding of policy impacts. 相似文献
903.
904.
普速铁路的客运市场可以分为公益性与盈利性两种,区分这两种服务有利于兼顾公平与盈利目标.本文在转运模型的基础上,提出了分离可调配客票管理策略,即在车票预售期开始分别为公益性与普通运输市场分配一定的席位,在发车前(24 h)可以将未售出的公益性客票调配到盈利性市场销售.该策略考虑公益性运输需求的最低服务水平约束与列车能力约束.解析解显示该策略与公益优先的系统目标激励相容,即企业会自发选择高水平的公益性客票供给.算例结果显示该策略能够同时提高公益性需求服务水平与单位客票收入. 相似文献
905.
This paper investigates the valuation of crowding in public transport trips and its implications in demand estimation and cost-benefit analysis. We use a choice-based stated preference survey where crowding levels are represented by means of specially designed pictures, and use these data to estimate flexible discrete choice models. We assume that the disutility associated with travelling under crowded conditions is proportional to travel time. Our results are consistent with and extend previous findings in the literature: passenger density has a significant effect on the utility of travelling by public transport; in fact, the marginal disutility of travel time in a crowded vehicle (6 standing-passengers/m2) is 2.5 times higher than in a vehicle with available seats. We also compare the effects of different policies for improving bus operations, and the effect of adding crowding valuation in cost-benefit analysis. In doing that, we endogenise the crowding level as the result of the equilibrium between demand and supplied bus capacity. Our results indicate that important benefits may be accrued from policies designed to reduce crowding, and that ignoring crowding effects significantly overestimate the bus travel demand the benefits associated with pure travel time reductions. 相似文献
906.
Recent advances in agent-based micro-simulation modeling have further highlighted the importance of a thorough full synthetic population procedure for guaranteeing the correct characterization of real-world populations and underlying travel demands. In this regard, we propose an integrated approach including Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and profiling-based methods to capture the behavioral complexity and the great heterogeneity of agents of the true population through representative micro-samples. The population synthesis method is capable of building the joint distribution of a given population with its corresponding marginal distributions using either full or partial conditional probabilities or both of them simultaneously. In particular, the estimation of socio-demographic or transport-related variables and the characterization of daily activity-travel patterns are included within the framework. The fully probabilistic structure based on Markov Chains characterizing this framework makes it innovative compared to standard activity-based models. Moreover, data stemming from the 2010 Belgian Household Daily Travel Survey (BELDAM) are used to calibrate the modeling framework. We illustrate that this framework effectively captures the behavioral heterogeneity of travelers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed framework is adequately adapted to meeting the demand for large-scale micro-simulation scenarios of transportation and urban systems. 相似文献
907.
为了研究先简支后连续的T梁桥的整体切割拆除关键技术,以三洲沧江拆除工程为研究背景,结合大桥实际情况制订了针对性的大桥上、下部结构整体拆除施工方案。验证了采用2台80t汽车吊分别站位于旧桥左右幅,将左幅旧桥各跨8片独立的T梁分别进行吊运的绳锯切割拆除方法为最优方案。以典型的简支T梁桥结构为例,采用有限元模型分析了拆除工程中T梁桥的力学性能变化。针对三洲沧江大桥的下部结构特点,特别对水上桥墩的拆除方案进行了数值分析,并对钢抱箍平台上拆除盖梁的方案进行了仿真模拟,验证了下部结构拆除方案的可操作性。本桥梁绳锯切割拆除工程的优化方案及关键技术的应用为相似桥梁切割拆除工程提供一定的参考。 相似文献
908.
909.
以南宁市某大桥引桥为工程实例,分析采用桩柱形式的双柱墩结构的抗震性能.结果表明,上部结构采用小箱梁结构,并通过合理的跨径布置和支座选型,能够保证下部结构在按静力受力要求配筋的情况下,在E1和E2地震作用下均处于弹性工作状态. 相似文献
910.