地铁工程盾构机选型实例及WIRTH盾构机的性能特点

本文介绍了广州地铁某工程根据具体工程条件,结合广州地铁的普遍特点和要求,进行盾构机选型的实例。WIRTH-NFM公司生产的盾构机首次应用于中国大陆地铁工程,本文还介绍了该公司针对广州地铁设计制造的EPF复合型盾构机的性能特点。     

大风期黄骅港外航道的骤淤估算及防淤减淤措施探讨

黄骅港运用后,偏北大风引起外航道的泥沙淤积严重。根据2002年及2003年的实测数据,本文使用新近完善的风、浪、流共同作用下的输沙公式及已编制成的大风期航道回淤预报程序,进行回淤的验证和计算,计算表明:预报结果与实测比较相当符合。参考已有的文献资料,提出了用潜堤作为防淤减淤的措施。     

The importance of estuarine gravitational circulation in the early life of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn

Estuaries along the southern shore of the Bohai Sea are the major habitat of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn (Penaeus chinensis). Since the 80's, however, many of the rivers have been dammed. Field observations, as well as laterally integrated 2-D numerical experiments, were conducted to understand both the role of estuarine gravitational circulation and the impact of the damming of the rivers on the early life of the Bohai Penaeid Prawn.For a river with runoff, especially for small discharge, the gravitational circulation tends to transport the planktonic larvae in their metamorphosis phase near the river mouth where condition is favorable for survival. The gravitational circulation inside the estuary tends to transport the mysis phase larvae towards the upstream end of the estuary when the most part of the larvae suspended in the bottom layer, and it transports the post larvae to the low salinity near upstream side of the estuary when the larvae become benthic, if the larvae enter the estuary.Damming causes long periods of zero runoff in the river, resulting in the alteration of the estuarine circulation and in the change of the estuarine environment. In addition, excess evaporation may prematurely transport the planktonic larvae into the estuary. On the other hand, sudden release of a large volume of freshwater from behind the dam may exert undesirable stress on the larvae.     

深圳港铜鼓航道工程设计选线回顾与探讨

深圳港铜鼓航道工程是国家“九五”重点交通建设项目和深圳市重大工程,航道选线及设计历经10余年,经过两个历史性的阶段,最终航道完全避开了香港白海豚保护区,也最大程度降低横切伶仃洋浅滩后的泥沙回淤问题,较好地避免了改造海底天然气管线,妥善处理了铜鼓航道与广州港航道和蛇口、赤湾、妈湾航道的衔接与通航安全问题,而且能够满足航道远期进一步拓宽浚深的需要。     

三峡工程上游引航道布置对通航水流条件的影响

三峡工程上游引航道布置在设计过程中进行了多种方案的试验研究 ,通过 1:10 0的物理模型 ,从河势演变、枢纽泄洪、船闸灌水等方面对各方案引航道口门区、连接段和引航道内的通航水流条件进行了分析比较。结果表明 ,全包开山开口方案最佳 ,但综合考虑工程和清淤量等因素 ,目前选择了全包方案。     

进港航道通过能力经验公式的比较分析

航道通过能力是评价进港航道是否满足港口发展需要的重要指标。由于我国现行规范中对航道通过能力未给出具体计算公式，因此，在工程实践中出现了许多种不同的方法和公式。通过搜集国内外计算航道通过能力的经验公式．分析讨论各公式的特点及适用性条件。     

膜离子通道阻断剂对神经兴奋性及兴奋性指标的影响

本研究以蟾蜍坐骨神经-腓神经和螯虾腹大神经为材料,观察了膜离子通道阻断剂对神经兴奋性及兴奋性指标的影响。结果显示:标准电量α与膜钠离子通道的开放数量及通道的激活速率有关,是正确反映兴奋性的指标。b 反映了膜钠、钾离子通道活动的动态平衡过程和应激活动过程.Chr 与膜离子通道的活动无直接联系。     

建立上海国际航运中心的研究

在上海建立国际航运中心，是尽快把上海建成国际经济、贸易、金融中心的重要组成部分，两者相辅组成。该文对建立国际航运中心的必要性与可能性，基本功能与特征，存在问题，发展目标与建设步骤，从理论上与实际上进行了分析，在此基础上，提出了符合国际经济发展方向、并且有可操作性的结论与建议。     

Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.     

水位下降对三江下航道影响及治理措施

通过对葛洲坝建坝后宜昌站的水文条件和三江下引航道泥沙冲淤变化分析,得出宜昌水位下降和设计流量下三江现有通航水深及通航能力,对潜坝的局部损失系数、壅水特性、潜坝间距及个数对水位、流速的影响等方面进行了研究,首次提出了计算潜坝群壅水的不同方法,并对整治效果进行了计算。