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基于对策论的原理,分析了高速公路和铁路运输的收费定价问题.以道路经营者为研究主体,建立了对策模型,研究在自由竞争的情况下高速公路和铁路一方的定价行为对另一方产生的影响.在双方都以利润最大化为目的前提下,得出影响收费定价的各个因素,以及双方在定价博弈中的相互制约程度,使收费定价达到均衡状态.给出了铁路公司与公路公司相互之间的反应函数,并通过此反应函数得到了最优均衡状态下的收费定价,在一定程度上为铁路和高速公路经营者提供了定价依据. 相似文献
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Transportation is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper, we develop a bi-level model for GHG emission charge based on continuous distribution of the value of time (VOT) for travelers. In the bi-level model framework, a policy maker (as the leader) seeks an optimal emission charge scheme, with tolls differentiated across travel modes (e.g., bus, motorcycles, and cars), to achieve a given GHG reduction target by shifting the proportions of travelers taking different modes. In response, travelers (as followers) will adjust their travel modes to minimize their total travel cost. The resulting mode shift, hence the outcome of the emission charge policy, depends on travelers’ VOT distribution. For the solution of the bi-level model, we integrate a differential evolution algorithm for the upper level and the “all or nothing” traffic assignment for the lower level. Numerical results from our analysis suggest important policy implications: (1) in setting the optimal GHG emission charge scheme for the design of transportation GHG emission reduction targets, policy makers need to be equipped with rigorous understanding of travelers’ VOT distribution and the tradeoffs between emission reduction and system efficiency; and (2) the optimal emission charge scheme in a city depends significantly on the average value of travelers’ VOT distribution—the optimal emission charge can be designed and implemented in consistency with rational travel flows. Further sensitivity analysis considering various GHG reduction targets and different VOT distributions indicate that plausible emission toll schemes that encourage travelers to choose greener transportation modes can be explored as an efficient policy instrument for both transportation network performance improvement and GHG reduction. 相似文献
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Public acceptance is consistently listed as having an enormous impact on the implementation and success of a congestion charge scheme. This paper investigates public acceptance of such a scheme in Australia. Surveys were conducted in Brisbane and Melbourne, the two fastest growing Australian cities. Using an ordered logit modeling approach, the survey data including stated preferences were analyzed to pinpoint the important factors influencing people’s attitudes to a congestion charge and, in turn, to their transport mode choices. To accommodate the nature of, and to account for the resulting heterogeneity of the panel data, random effects were considered in the models. As expected, this study found that the amount of the congestion charge and the financial benefits of implementing it have a significant influence on respondents’ support for the charge and on the likelihood of their taking a bus to city areas. However, respondents’ current primary transport mode for travelling to the city areas has a more pronounced impact. Meanwhile, respondents’ perceptions of the congestion charge’s role in protecting the environment by reducing vehicle emissions, and of the extent to which the charge would mean that they travelled less frequently to the city for shopping or entertainment, also have a significant impact on their level of support for its implementation. We also found and explained notable differences across two cities. Finally, findings from this study have been fully discussed in relation to the literature. 相似文献
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简要介绍了高速公路计重收费系统中常见的几种非正常行车的逃费方式,同时对这些方式进行了仔细的研究与对策,并着重对采用双台面秤体计重收费装置防作弊的原理进行详细的分析与比较。 相似文献
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电池管理系统(BMS)采用了防止电池过放电和过充,提供电池均衡控制,能够实现新能源汽车动力锂电池的最佳利用和保护。电池管理系统实时精准估算电池电荷状态(SOC)是提高电动汽车续航里程和延长寿命的关键。然而,SOC不能直接测量,动力电池的充、放电又是一个复杂过程,导致目前现有的SOC估算策略很难精确地估算出实时在线SOC值。因此,如何提高SOC估算精度是当下BMS领域的研究热点。本文通过对各种SOC估算方法进行文献综述,分析和总结各个SOC估算方法的原理及优缺点,提出SOC估计策略未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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浅谈高速公路联网收费管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从正、反两方面论述高速公路实施联网收费的必要性 ,以及进行高速公路联网收费管理的一些建议和规划的探讨 相似文献