Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand,station congestion,and network equilibrium

Battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs) generally offer better air quality through lowered emissions, along with energy savings and security. The issue of long-duration battery charging makes charging-station placement and design key for BEV adoption rates. This work uses genetic algorithms to identify profit-maximizing station placement and design details, with applications that reflect the costs of installing, operating, and maintaining service equipment, including land acquisition. Fast electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are placed across a congested city's network subject to stochastic demand for charging under a user-equilibrium traffic assignment. BEV users’ station choices consider endogenously determined travel times and on-site charging queues. The model allows for congested-travel and congested-station feedback into travelers’ route choices under elastic demand and BEV owners’ station choices, as well as charging price elasticity for BEV charging users.Boston-network results suggest that EVCSs should locate mostly along major highways, which may be a common finding for other metro settings. If 10% of current EV owners seek to charge en route, a user fee of $6 for a 30-min charging session is not enough for station profitability under a 5-year time horizon in this region. However, $10 per BEV charging delivers a 5-year profit of $0.82 million, and 11 cords across 3 stations are enough to accommodate a near-term charging demand in this Boston-area application. Shorter charging sessions, higher fees, and/or allowing for more cords per site also increase profits generally, everything else constant. Power-grid and station upgrades should keep pace with demand, to maximize profits over time, and avoid on-site congestion.     

高速公路合理收费标准确定方法研究

随着投入运营的时间增加,高速公路运营管理中的矛盾日益突出,如何确定科学合理的道路收费率,成为道路经营者普遍关注的问题。在收费标准基本模型的基础上提出了收费标准方案评估模型,利用判断矩阵选择最佳方案,并制定了相应的收费标准的动态调整方法。     

鱼梁航运枢纽鱼道及鱼类增殖保护站设计浅述

航运枢纽的建设对鱼类生态环境及鱼类资源影响较大,为减缓工程对鱼类的不利影响,文章通过综合分析,提出采取修建过鱼设施和建立增殖保护站、开展人工增殖放流为主要鱼类保护措施,并结合鱼梁枢纽工程,对鱼道结构及布置、增殖保护站布置及生产方式等设计进行介绍。     

免棱镜全站仪在旧桥几何尺寸测量中的应用

文章介绍了采用免棱镜全站仪进行旧桥几何尺寸测量的主要内容、优点、测点布置情况及方法,并结合具体工程实例,探讨了免棱镜全站仪的使用效果。     

Shared autonomous electric vehicle (SAEV) operations across the Austin,Texas network with charging infrastructure decisions

Shared autonomous vehicles, or SAVs, have attracted significant public and private interest because of their opportunity to simplify vehicle access, avoid parking costs, reduce fleet size, and, ultimately, save many travelers time and money. One way to extend these benefits is through an electric vehicle (EV) fleet. EVs are especially suited for this heavy usage due to their lower energy costs and reduced maintenance needs. As the price of EV batteries continues to fall, charging facilities become more convenient, and renewable energy sources grow in market share, EVs will become more economically and environmentally competitive with conventionally fueled vehicles. EVs are limited by their distance range and charge times, so these are important factors when considering operations of a large, electric SAV (SAEV) fleet.This study simulated performance characteristics of SAEV fleets serving travelers across the Austin, Texas 6-county region. The simulation works in sync with the agent-based simulator MATSim, with SAEV modeling as a new mode. Charging stations are placed, as needed, to serve all trips requested (under 75 km or 47 miles in length) over 30 days of initial model runs. Simulation of distinctive fleet sizes requiring different charge times and exhibiting different ranges, suggests that the number of station locations depends almost wholly on vehicle range. Reducing charge times does lower fleet response times (to trip requests), but increasing fleet size improves response times the most. Increasing range above 175 km (109 miles) does not appear to improve response times for this region and trips originating in the urban core are served the quickest. Unoccupied travel accounted for 19.6% of SAEV mileage on average, with driving to charging stations accounting for 31.5% of this empty-vehicle mileage. This study found that there appears to be a limit on how much response time can be improved through decreasing charge times or increasing vehicle range.     

Development of railway station choice models to improve the representation of station catchments in rail demand models

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the development of railway station choice models suitable for defining probabilistic station catchments. These catchments can then be incorporated into the aggregate demand models typically used to forecast demand for new rail stations. Revealed preference passenger survey data obtained from the Welsh and Scottish Governments was used for model calibration. Techniques were developed to identify trip origins and destinations from incomplete address information and to automatically validate reported trips. A bespoke trip planner was used to derive mode-specific station access variables and train leg measures. The results from a number of multinomial logit and random parameter (mixed) logit models are presented and their predictive performance assessed. The models were found to have substantially superior predictive accuracy compared to the base model (which assumes the nearest station has a probability of one), indicating that their incorporation into passenger demand forecasting methods has the potential to significantly improve model predictive performance.     

AUV动力电池技术的应用现状及展望

从能量密度、循环寿命和安全性等方面介绍常用动力电池的特点,主要类型包括铅酸电池、锌银电池等传统电池和锂电池、燃料电池等新型电池。结合AUV的发展前景,对AUV对动力电池的发展要求进行分析,对AUV的充电方式进行总结,介绍锂电池管理系统的功能,以期能为新能源驱动的AUV研究提供一定参考。     

地铁车站站台设计

根据相关规范和工作实践,对地铁车站站台设计的有关问题作了探讨.     

浅谈汽车综检站建设中的几点体会

分析了汽车检测意义及其发展状况 ,阐述了汽车检测站配置专利产品 ,完善检测功能的意义。     

高速公路服务区污水处理工艺的选择与污水处理设备的管理

从污水处理工艺选择和污水处理设备管理两个方面阐述了当前国内高速公路服务区污水处理现状,旨在为服务区的污水处理方式和管理提供参考。