钻孔灌注桩在桩基质量问题处理中的应用

土木建筑工程中,桩基础工程质量时有缺陷,选择合理的处理方案往往可以节约大量的建筑成本和工期。文章介绍了广西316省道改建工程桩基工程采用原位钻孔灌注桩法处理桩基质量问题的解决方案,可为类似工程施工提供参考。     

弯道横向环流试验及分析

文章阐述了弯道横向环流的形成机理,建立了180°矩形断面弯道的概化模型,据此来分析弯道水流环流的流态特征。根据环流强度在不同剖面的沿垂线分布情况和等值线图,分析了弯道环流强度。通过流场在弯道各种断面的情况,得出的弯道环流特性可为相关的理论研究及工程实践提供理论基础。     

Cross-shelf circulation and phytoplankton distribution at the summertime New England shelfbreak front

We investigate aspects of the secondary (cross-shelf) circulation at the Middle Atlantic Bight shelfbreak front using high-resolution data collected on the New England Shelf in August 2002. The alongshore shelfbreak jet coincides with the front at the seaward edge of the cold pool (remnant winter shelf water) and there is a suggestion of a cross-stream convergence centered at the jet core. Despite indications of convergence we found no evidence of a surface subduction on the seaward side of the front. At depth 70 m near the shelfbreak there was a patch of chlorophyll, located within a local temperature–salinity maximum which, though significantly below the euphotic zone, appeared to be photo-acclimated and viable. The chlorophyll feature could be the result of a local subduction by a larger scale eddy circulation seaward of the front.Dye tracer experiments directly observed the convergence at the foot of the shelfbreak front and subsequent upwelling of bottom boundary layer water along the shoreward side of the shelfbreak front. But, we found no evidence that this upwelling influenced productivity at the front. Further, since there was no cross-shelf maximum in subsurface chlorophyll at the front, we conclude that this productivity is in general, sustained by a broadly distributed local vertical nutrient flux from an underlying nutrient reservoir.     

Review on the seasonal variation of the surface circulation in the Japan/East Sea

The seasonal variation of the surface circulation in the Japan/East Sea (JES) and the Tsushima/Korea Straits (TKS) is reviewed and discussed, focusing on mesoscale and submesoscale variabilities.The monsoon modified by coastal geographical features near Vladivostok generates a dipole of vortex off Vladivostok which induces dramatic changes in the surface circulation in the northwest JES, splitting the Subpolar Gyre into two smaller gyres by generating the Vladivostok Dome. Between these two smaller gyres, the Northwest Thermal Front is formed and current reversal is induced along the North Korean coast. The winter monsoon also induces a current reversal along the Sakhalin coast. The volume transport of the surface Subpolar Gyre has two maxima in January and August. The maximum in August is induced by the summer intensification of the Liman-North Korean Cold Current and the shallow and narrow surface coastal jet generated by the sea ice and snow melting. The maximum in January is induced by the northwest monsoon and associated cooling.Salient features in the TKS are the submesoscale variabilities. In the western channel, submesoscale eddies with length scale of about 80 km and time scale of 5–6 days develop in the cold period. On the lee side of the Tsushima Islands, Karman-like vortex pairs are generated in the warm period. Anticyclonic vortices generated at the northern tip of the Tsushima Islands have a time scale of 5 to 8 days, length scale of 35 to 60 km, and propagate toward the JES with a phase speed of 8 cm/s. Cyclonic vortices south of the anticyclonic counter part of the vortex pairs are rather stationary with intermittent occasional propagation toward the east. The development of stratification seems to be necessary for the development of Karman-like vortex pairs.Summarizing the results above, a schematic surface circulation with seasonal change is proposed.     

辽宁现代物流产业发展的思考和建议

辽宁老工业基地振兴对现代物流产业发展的需求日益旺盛.分析了辽宁加快现代物流产业发展的历史机遇,对加快发展现代物流产业的指导思想、战略定位、工作目标和政策措施进行了探讨,提出了具体建议.     

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中国2010年上海世博会普通高峰日预计将吸引多达60万人次的参观客流。开博后世博园内复杂的人流活动对世博会的有效运营提出了挑战。选取了世博园内一个热门展馆众多,设施布局复杂,行人设施多样的地块进行微观人流仿真研究。分析了世博观众的参观行为特点。选择使用Legion模型作为仿真研究的平台,并对仿真参数进行了统计分析与标定。在对世博观众参观流线与体育比赛观众和地铁乘客流线进行了对比分析的基础上,提出了一种与体育比赛观众和地铁乘客人流仿真建模不同的建模方法。对仿真结果从人流规划和运营的角度进行了分析和解读,并介绍了相关人员对其的应用。研究方法和成果对世博园的规划、设计和运营从行人交通的角度提供了技术支持和科学依据。所使用的研究方法具有代表性,随着办博工作的深入,可以推广到世博园其他地块和人流活动密集区域。本工作也可以为其他大型活动的人流规划与仿真提供有价值的参考。     

从再处理角度探讨逆向物流对企业物流管理的意义

在界定逆向物流定义的基础上,将再利用逆向物流划分为再利用、再循环、再制造和商业退回四种方式,并提出再利用逆向物流对企业物流管理的现实意义,对企业更好地实施物流管理具有一定的借鉴作用.     

The use of digital filter initialization to diagnose the mesoscale circulation and vertical motion in the California coastal transition zone

A dynamical method of initializing the primitive equations is tested and used to diagnose the three-dimensional circulation associated with jets and eddies as found in the California coastal transition zone (CTZ). The initialization method, referred to as digital filter initialization (DFI), was recently developed by [Monthly Weather Review 120 (1992) 1019] for use in an intermittent data assimilation system in the atmosphere. The ability of DFI to recover the mesoscale ageostrophic circulation associated with finite amplitude jets and eddies in the ocean is first demonstrated using control data produced by simulations with a primitive equation model. The DFI method is then applied to synoptic hydrographic data collected during several California CTZ surveys in the summer of 1988. The diagnostic results indicate the existence of jets, eddies, and filaments in the CTZ domain with maximum horizontal currents of the order of 0.6 m/s at the surface. Currents associated with such jets and filaments are coherent to a depth of over 500 m. The surface currents associated with a prominent cool filament are generally confluent, and weakly convergent on average, along the 270 km offshore extent of the filament. Meanders in the jet display convergence and downwelling upstream of pressure troughs and divergence and upwelling downstream of the troughs. Maximum vertical velocities at 100 m are of the order of 10 m/day. This result is consistent with independent estimates of subduction rates made from biological studies in this and similar coastal filaments in the CTZ program.     

Water masses and cyclonic circulation in Bay of La Paz, Gulf of California, during June 1998

The Bay of La Paz, a coastal and shallow basin of the Gulf of California (depth<420 m), exchanges mixed-layer waters with the Gulf of California predominantly through Boca Grande (Big Mouth), in the northeastern part of the bay. Equatorial Surface Water (ESW) flows from the gulf to the bay; once there, due to evaporation processes, this water increases its salinity above 35.00, therefore becoming Gulf of California Water (GCW) Mass. During June 1998, the baroclinic circulation in the bay was dominated by a cyclonic gyre. The hydrographic dome, related to this gyre, is depicted until approximately 150-m depth. However, the vertical mixing of water between the mixed-layer and the ones below practically does not occur because of the development of a sharp pycnocline. This fact and the isolation of the bottom of the bay by a bathymetric sill (approximately 250-m depth) at Boca Grande induce low oxygen content, particularly in the bottom-waters (O₂<0.1 ml/l). Chlorophyll values are higher and with larger vertical fluctuations within the Bay of La Paz than outside.     

Using the SKAGEX dataset for evaluation of ocean model skills

Numerical ocean models are now being applied in numerous oceanographic studies. However, the qualities of the model results are often uncertain and there is a great need for standards and procedures for evaluation of the skills of numerical general circulation models. In this paper measurements from repeated hydrographical sections across Skagerrak taken in 1990, the SKAGEX dataset, are used to evaluate the skills of two σ-coordinate ocean models and to study the sensitivity of these models to model parameters. A methodology for quantification of model skills based on observations from repeated hydrographical sections in general is suggested. Area averages of absolute differences are for Skagerrak completely dominated by the discrepancies in the upper few meters of the ocean and may not be used to assess models' abilities to reproduce the fields in the larger and deeper part of the ocean. Therefore, discrepancies between average values in time from the observed fields and time averaged values from model outputs are related to the natural variability of the fields. The numbers produced with the suggested measure are relative numbers that will be specific for each section and for each series of observation. Ideally we would therefore like to see the measures computed for a number of sections for various models and choices of model parameters in order to assess model skills. The value of the SKAGEX dataset as a tool for model improvements is demonstrated. Evidence to support the importance of applying non-oscillatory, gradient preserving advection schemes in areas with sharp density fronts is given. The method is used to identify that the forcing/initial values/boundary values for the temperature field are inferior to the corresponding values for the salinity field. With the present coarse resolution, 11 layers in the vertical, it is shown that it is far from obvious that the quality of the model results improve when replacing simple Richardson number formulations for vertical mixing processes with higher order turbulence closure in the Skagerrak area.