Factors Affecting Disaster Preparedness,Response, and Recovery Using the Community Capitals Framework

Abstract

Disaster research often focuses on how and why communities are affected by a discrete extreme event. We used the community capitals framework to understand how community characteristics influence their preparedness, response to, and recovery from successive or multiple disasters using the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake and the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill as case studies. This study assesses community response to these disasters by reviewing published literature on impacts to create profiles for six communities and by identifying community capitals before and during these disasters, and throughout the long-term recovery. While the presence of rich natural capitals commonly contributed resources to pre-disaster planning and long-term recovery, restriction of resource access immediately following the disasters was detrimental to many communities. Communities with strong political, social, and financial capitals tended to fare better immediately following disasters, enabling longer-term processes of transformation or recovery. However, in some communities the oil spill undermined these capitals more than the earthquake and resulting tsunami. In understanding how use and reliance on community capitals can lead to varied recovery success from different kinds of disasters, these findings can help coastal managers and planners prepare for future disasters.     

Reframing Engagement Methods for Climate Change Adaptation

Climate change poses known and unknown risks for coastal communities and also challenges for university faculty and local government staff who communicate about cli- mate sciences. Conceived as a way to move beyond traditional models of science communication, this project involved public and private decision makers in specific at-risk communities in Oregon (U.S. Pacific coast) and Maine (Atlantic coast). Both state projects sought to move behavior toward decisive action that results in coastal communities that are more resilient to climate variability at all scales. To promote engagement between project staffs and publics, a dialogic model of communication was advanced, beginning with interviews and focus groups that in turn shaped further engagement through workshops and targeted video products. This means of communication led to a deeper understanding of participants’ knowledge, beliefs, perceptions, values, and barriers to action related to climate change and its effects. Coinciding with this, project participant evaluations in both Oregon and Maine indicate that the workshops and videos were successful at informing them on this complex issue; and in both states, project participation led to action outcomes. We believe that applied elsewhere our multifaceted and adaptive approach will garner similar results, provided sufficient dedicated staffing and attention to methods.     

Climate change projections for variables affecting road networks in Europe

Global climate change will affect road networks during this century. The effects will be different in various parts of the world due to differences in local climate change and in the structure and properties of roads. In this paper, climate change projections are presented for climate variables that are most likely to affect the long-term performance of road networks in Europe. We apply four regional climate simulations up to the year 2100 using two plausible future emission scenarios. The results show that the changing climate will require significant adaptation measures in the near future in order to maintain the operability of the European road network.     

超密实型沥青混合料在季冻地区的适用性探讨

通过对季冻地区气候特点的分析,提出了季冻地区对路面用沥青混合料性能的要求,对超密实型沥青混合料的设计理念进行了阐述,并将超密实型沥青混合料的性能对季冻地区的适用性逐一进行了说明,得出了超密实型沥青混合料是一种非常适合季冻区气候特点的沥青混合料.     

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车流速度和道路安全性有非常密切的关系。通过信息和先进的车辆设备对道路上的车速管理是一种灵活的方式，智能速度顺应系统ISA就是其中之一。现在一个全欧洲的联合合作正在开始对ISA的潜力进行研究。本文介绍了ISA的概念和它在速度管理上可能的效果；该文阐述了ISA 在技术上的实施和部署的最新情况，并调查了ISA在道路网络中的作用。最后介绍了一个微观模拟模型的详细方法，该方法用于分析ISA在实际城市网络中的效果。     

不同气候条件准好氧填埋单元试验研究

为验证准好氧填埋在不同气候条件下的适用性,分别在峨眉山市亚热带季风气候和青藏高原气候2种不同气候条件下,对准好氧填埋单元垃圾的降解进行了试验研究.研究结果表明:在气温较高、气候比较潮湿的峨眉山试验单元,垃圾降解速度较快,渗滤液COD质量浓度在经过419 d后就能达到渗滤液国家一级排放标准的要求;而在青藏高原试验单元,经过733 d后才能达到相同的排放标准;准好氧填埋单元试验中,渗滤液NH3-N的降解速度较COD的降解速度快.     

综合运输系统协调发展的灰色关联度分析

针对综合运输这个复杂、抽象的巨系统,基于灰色系统理论,对影响其协调运行的因素进行灰色关联分析,弥补采用传统数理统计方法做系统分析时所导致的缺憾。     

浅谈低温天气对器件正常使用的影响

恶劣的自然环境可能会对港口设备的正常使用产生影响,必须加以防范.介绍了突降的低温天气引起设备限位的故障情况和原因分析,还详细介绍了故障排除的方法.     

Competition and ownership in land passenger transport: The 7th International Conference

This is the fourth time that Transport Reviews has published a summary of the workshop sessions from the Thredbo Conference. The intention is to disseminate more widely the main findings and conclusions from these sessions at this important international conference. Interested readers are also encouraged to view the full papers presented at the Institute of Transport Studies, University of Sydney website.     

加强航海类大学生半军事化管理的适应性教育

文章就航海类院校在半军事化管理实施过程中,学生存在的抵触、敷衍现象进行了原因分析,并从缩短入学适应期、加强管理节点、营造办军事化管理氛围等方面尝试提出相应的解决措施,以期提高航海类大学生半军事化管理的实效性。