�й���ͨ���䷢չ�����о�����

本文将交通运输发展理论定义为一个国家或地区交通运输的发展机制、发展效率和发展模式选择的理论。在这个意义上，系统地回顾了国内关于中国交通发展研究的文献，并将国内的研究归为两类：一是综合交通发展理论，包括运输布局和运输系统分析，研究运输系统资源配置问题；二是运输适应性、运输演化及运输结构理论，研究运输与经济发展的关系问题。从研究的问题、理论和方法及理论发展的制度与经济背景做了分析和评价。     

适应气候变化的经济政策研究

气候变化是当今世界面对的最富有挑战性的问题之一,国际社会应对气候变化主要集中在减缓问题上,且进展缓慢。气候变化的敏感领域也就是适应气候变化的重点领域,包括卫生部门、农牧业、水资源和海岸资源及林业、生态系统和生物多样性等。经济政策可以优化应对气候变化的资源配置,提高社会对气候变化的适应性。本文提出了相应的政策建议。     

Wave climate evolution in the Bay of Biscay over two decades

As a background, a review of long term evolution of wave climate in the North Atlantic is discussed. Most studies show that interannual evolutions in wave heights may be related to climatic factors, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index for example.Data of a waverider, consisting of a time series of 20 years in the Bay of Biscay (off Biscarosse, France), are analysed. Based on these data obtained from 1980, wave heights tend to decrease over the period. Also, interannual evolutions exist, particularly in the wave period. The fact that the annual wave periods at Biscarosse are found to vary more significantly than the annual wave heights led us to assume that it is an indirect effect of the evolution in the location of generating storms relative to the buoy. The relationships between wave parameters and climatic factors such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and the Garonne discharge have been derived: they show that the NAO index is negatively correlated with the river discharge and positively correlated with the wave period. This result is in agreement with the general climate scheme associated with NAO cycle proposed by Kushnir et al. [Kushnir, Y., Cardone, V.J., Cane, M., 1995. Link between Atlantic climate variability of surface wave height and sea level pressure. Proc. Fourth Int. Workshop on Wave Incasting and forecasting, Banff, AB, Canada, 59–64.]: NAO+ shifts storm tracks northward and dry weather are encountered in the southern part of Europe (conversely NAO− brings storm tracks and rainfall closer). Concerning wave heights, the lack of dependence on NAO index may be associated with compensation effects between wind intensity and storm tracks: wave energy is partly dissipated while reaching the Bay of Biscay in case of severe but distant storms (NAO+), which is not the case for storms generated nearer to the buoy and associated with moderate westerly winds (NOA−). However, the reason of the decrease in wave heights is not clear.     

内蒙古地区沥青结合料性能等级(PG)选择分析

在比较PG等级三种算法的基础上,推荐使用长期路用性能计划(LTPP)的计算公式进行结合料的PG等级确定。结合内蒙古各地区的气象资料,给出各主要地区的沥青结合料等级,指出在结合料选择过程中应注意的主要问题。     

基于视觉适应性的公路隧道限速研究

通过分析隧道对驾驶员视觉、心理的影响,得出车辆通过隧道时车速的变化情况,进而确定了隧道限速段的长度。利用瞳孔面积变化速度与行车安全关系的定量分析,得出基于视觉适应能力的隧道进出口安全行车的临界速度,结合车辆在隧道限速段内的速度变化情况及隧道本身条件确定了保证行车安全的隧道限速值。     

语用顺应论在口译介绍语类中的研究

语言顺应论认为语言的使用即选择。语言的使用要顺应不同的交际对象和环境。本文从顺应论的四个角度,即:语言的语境顺应、语言结构顺应、动态顺应以及顺应过程的突显性,探讨了介绍语类的口译过程。在这个过程中,译员要动态地选择顺应对象和口译策略,最大限度地实现相应的语言顺应。     

Leveraging socio-ecological resilience theory to build climate resilience in transport infrastructure

ABSTRACT

Anthropogenic climate change poses risks to transport infrastructure that include disrupted operations, reduced lifespan and increased reconstruction and maintenance costs. Efforts to decrease the vulnerability of transport networks have been largely limited to understanding projected risks through governance and administrative efforts. Where physical adaptation measures have been implemented, these have typically aligned with a traditional “engineering resilience” approach of increasing the strength and rigidity of assets to withstand the impacts of climate change and maintain a stable operating state. Such systems have limited agility and are susceptible to failure from “surprise events”. Addressing these limitations, this paper considers an alternate approach to resilience, inspired by natural ecosystems that sense conditions in real-time, embrace multi-functionality and evolve in response to changing environmental conditions. Such systems embrace and thrive on unpredictability and instability. This paper synthesises key literature in climate adaptation and socio-ecological resilience theory to propose a shift in paradigm for transport infrastructure design, construction and operation, towards engineered systems that can transform, evolve and internally manage vulnerability. The authors discuss the opportunity for biomimicry (innovation inspired by nature) as an enabling discipline for supporting resilient and regenerative infrastructure, introducing three potential tools and frameworks. The authors conclude the importance of leveraging socio-ecological resilience theory, building on the achievements in engineering resilience over the past century. These findings have immediate practical applications in redefining resilience approaches for new transport infrastructure projects and transport infrastructure renewal.     

乘用车废气旁通式涡轮增压器匹配技术

文章旨在解决使用传统方法进行匹配乘用车废气旁通式涡轮增压器涡轮匹配过程存在的不足。使用传统定压增压系统的涡轮增压器匹配方法,即将算术平均值作为计算边界,不适用于乘用车发动机增压器的匹配,特别是小排量(<1.6L)3缸发动机,低速脉冲能量大,匹配结果与实际试验结论相差较大。文章引用脉冲修正系数对涡轮等熵效率进行修正,从而使匹配结果与实际试验结果相接近,实现更准确的匹配工作。     

基于语音特征迁移学习的驾驶疲劳检测

针对现有方法在实际应用时的标记样本稀缺与测试样本数据分布偏移等问题,提出一种基于语音特征迁移学习的驾驶疲劳检测方法。通过基于迁移学习的特征空间变换,对源领域有标记样本与目标域无标记样本数据间的边缘分布、条件分布、流形结构进行联合适配及降维处理,以解决样本数据分布偏移和特征维度过高的问题。以半监督学习的方式来迭代优化目标域样本的伪标记,并据此不断更新特征变换方式和迁移分类器,进而提高疲劳检测模型的精度和泛化能力。通过实验将本文方法与现有常用的监督学习、半监督学习和迁移学习等方法进行对比。结果表明,在测试时间、应用场景和被试个体均发生变化的情况下,本文所提方法的驾驶疲劳检测效果显著优于现有方法,正确率最高达到86.7%,具有实际应用价值。     

Exploring the Knowledge Dynamics Associated with Coastal Adaptation Planning

Scientific projections for climate change induced sea-level-rise highlight current and potential future consequences for low lying coastal areas. In response considerable attention has been directed toward the task of coastal adaptation planning. Experience to date indicates that adaptation planning is more complex and contested than anticipated. We argue that this is partly due to the constrained way adaptation planning is conceptualized, whereby limited attention is directed toward understanding coastal adaptation planning as a site of complex and contested knowledge dynamics. Consequently, we use a knowledge systems perspective to explore coastal adaptation planning in order to highlight some of the knowledge exchange dynamics involved. In doing so we draw on views expressed in semi-structured interviews with a diverse range of stakeholders with an interest in coastal management in Victoria, Australia. While the focus is on coastal adaptation planning in Victoria, the insights generated are intended to contribute to broadening the way in which adaptation is conceptualized.