建筑工程施工安全氛围的因子结构模型——基于长沙建筑市场的调查

建筑工程施工安全氛围是建筑安全事故有效的事前预测因素,而施工安全氛围因子结构的不一致一直是建筑安全管理专家争论的焦点。以长沙为采样地区,结合专家访谈设计了建筑工程施工安全氛围的测量问卷,综合运用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析识别并验证了建筑工程施工安全氛围的因子结构模型,基于该因子结构模型评价了长沙地区的建筑工程施工安全氛围,并结合以往研究成果对该因子结构模型进行讨论。研究结果表明：建筑工程施工安全氛围可用三因子结构模型测度,三因子为项目安全管理承诺、工人安全响应和领班安全承诺;测评发现工人安全响应分值最高,且项目安全管理承诺分值高于领班安全承诺。     

Wave climate evolution in the Bay of Biscay over two decades

As a background, a review of long term evolution of wave climate in the North Atlantic is discussed. Most studies show that interannual evolutions in wave heights may be related to climatic factors, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index for example.Data of a waverider, consisting of a time series of 20 years in the Bay of Biscay (off Biscarosse, France), are analysed. Based on these data obtained from 1980, wave heights tend to decrease over the period. Also, interannual evolutions exist, particularly in the wave period. The fact that the annual wave periods at Biscarosse are found to vary more significantly than the annual wave heights led us to assume that it is an indirect effect of the evolution in the location of generating storms relative to the buoy. The relationships between wave parameters and climatic factors such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index and the Garonne discharge have been derived: they show that the NAO index is negatively correlated with the river discharge and positively correlated with the wave period. This result is in agreement with the general climate scheme associated with NAO cycle proposed by Kushnir et al. [Kushnir, Y., Cardone, V.J., Cane, M., 1995. Link between Atlantic climate variability of surface wave height and sea level pressure. Proc. Fourth Int. Workshop on Wave Incasting and forecasting, Banff, AB, Canada, 59–64.]: NAO+ shifts storm tracks northward and dry weather are encountered in the southern part of Europe (conversely NAO− brings storm tracks and rainfall closer). Concerning wave heights, the lack of dependence on NAO index may be associated with compensation effects between wind intensity and storm tracks: wave energy is partly dissipated while reaching the Bay of Biscay in case of severe but distant storms (NAO+), which is not the case for storms generated nearer to the buoy and associated with moderate westerly winds (NOA−). However, the reason of the decrease in wave heights is not clear.     

基于视觉适应性的公路隧道限速研究

通过分析隧道对驾驶员视觉、心理的影响,得出车辆通过隧道时车速的变化情况,进而确定了隧道限速段的长度。利用瞳孔面积变化速度与行车安全关系的定量分析,得出基于视觉适应能力的隧道进出口安全行车的临界速度,结合车辆在隧道限速段内的速度变化情况及隧道本身条件确定了保证行车安全的隧道限速值。     

热带沙漠气候环境汽车空调系统的开发

阐述热带沙漠气候环境下汽车空调制冷性能的研究,对热带沙漠气候环境下整车空调系统的舒适性温度指标进行分析探讨;并以某车型出口迪拜的空调系统改进性开发为实例,从系统架构、性能指标、部件布置和试验验证等方面行介绍。     

美国凤凰城都会区新型城轨车辆

为解决美国凤凰域都会区公交系统不够完备的问题,首次建设一条轻轨线路并研发适应凤凰城都会区特殊气候条件的新型轻轨车辆.在安全性、可视化、人性化、人机工程等方面进行创新设计,使这种车辆成为当今世界上最先进的轻轨车辆之一.     

基于改进的BP人工神经网络的物流需求规模预测

为了对物流需求规模进行准确预测,探讨了用于物流需求规模预测的经济指标和物流需求规模的度量指标,再应用粗糙集理论、适应度函数和BP人工神经网络理论建立了用于物流需求规模预测的模型,即改进的BP人工神经网络模型。该模型首先应用粗糙集对BP人工神经网络的输入层进行指标知识约简,以减少BP人工神经网络的复杂度,再在BP人工神经网络中引入适应度函数,以克服传统BP人工神经网络算法易陷入局部最优、训练速度较慢等缺陷,最后,将该模型应用在案例分析中。结果表明,该模型使预测精度得到很大提高;该方法为以后物流需求规模的预测提供了一种新的思路和方法。