编辑部关于发表“国家中长期交通运输规划摘要”的决定——国家《中长期铁路网规划》内容简介

交通运输事关国民经济发展和百姓生活的最基本需求．与中国经济的成长一样，我国交通运输业也历经了从传统的计划经济向市场经济转型的过程．作为国民经济发展的基础，和其他行业相比，交通运输具有准公共特性．为真正将国家意志体现到交通运输能力供给中，遵循本届政府决策，建设项目“规划先行”的原则，国家发展和改革委员会会同铁道部、交通部等有关单位，按照全面建设小康社会宏伟目标的要求，以科学发展观为指导，在充分考虑我国土地、人口等资源分布的基础上，将交通运输发展规划理论与交通发展实践相结合，组织编制了《中长期铁路网规划》、《高速公路网规划》、《农村公路建设规划》、《长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、渤海湾三区域沿海港口建设规划（2004年-2010年）》和《环渤海京津冀地区、长江三角洲地区、珠江三角洲地区城际轨道交通网规划》，现已完成并正式颁布实施．上述5项规划从不同层面反映了国家交通资源的空间布局与国家生产力布局的结合，国家综合交通体系发展方向和重点；体现了在市场经济条件下，如何结合中国的具体实际充分发挥各种运输方式的技术经济优势，做好运输资源的配置，并更加突出了效率与公平．对于加快我国铁路与高速公路的发展，促进综合交通网络的形成，加速区域现代综合运输体系建设，全面增强运输普遍服务能力，提升综合交通的生产力水平和服务水平，都具有十分重要的指导作用．     

Applying the Value-Belief-Norm Theory to Marine Contexts: Implications for Encouraging Pro-Environmental Behavior

Encouraging pro-environmental behavior among protected area visitors and other stakeholders has become a priority for marine resource managers. However, there exists a lack of understanding of the human dimensions of resource management regarding the perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders. Using the value-belief-norm theory of environmentalism (VBN) as a framework, the purposes of this investigation were to: 1) test a model of variables that influence stakeholders' intentions to adopt pro-environmental behavior in two marine protected areas (i.e., the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary); and 2) using the relevant literature and information gleaned from the model, suggest techniques that managers can use to encourage pro-environmental intentions. Acceptable goodness-of-fit indices for both of the structural equation models (one for each protected area) provided empirical support for the usefulness of the VBN framework to guide both research in marine contexts and marine protected area management efforts to encourage stakeholders' intentions to engage in pro-environmental behavior. Specific suggestions include increasing stakeholders. knowledge about impacts via environmental education strategies, increasing their awareness of their impacts and their efficacy in mitigating those impacts (e.g., workshops), and developing interpersonal relationships among managers and stakeholders (e.g., implementation intention and follow-up strategies).     

软土地区上跨既有铁路转体梁施工技术研究

西苕溪左线特大桥63#~66#墩(72+128+72)m单线转体梁为大跨度窄截面结构,上跨既有宣杭铁路线,桥区广布软土且施工点与运行线最小距离仅为3.36 m,存在施工干扰大、转体结构复杂、施工工艺繁琐等问题。对此,从既有线路基础加固防护、箱梁工装改进、转体精确控制等多个方面进行研究,设计采用了钢便梁加注浆锚杆挂网喷混加固技术,创新优化了一种内模架及钢绞线辅助牵引头,总结形成一套大跨度窄截面转体梁转体控制技术,从而保证转体连续梁的安全高效快速施工,以期为同类工程提供参考和借鉴。     

南宁金湖广场通道换乘地铁车站的站位比选

地铁线网往往会在城市中心区规划2条及以上的线路并形成换乘。若换乘站并未能同步实施,先建车站往往通过预留换乘节点的方式以形成今后的换乘条件,使得后建车站的设计、建设难度增大。以南宁地铁先建的1号线与后建的3号线换乘站金湖广场站为例,基于复杂的控制条件,探究出不同的方案并进行比选,引入“0-4评分法”及“权重评分法”进行方案评分,最终得出合理的3号线站位方案。     

Robust identification of air traffic flow patterns in Metroplex terminal areas under demand uncertainty

Multi-Airport Systems (MAS), or Metroplexes, serve air traffic demand in cities with two or more airports. Due to the spatial proximity and operational interdependency of the airports, Metroplex airspaces are characterized by high complexity, and current system structures fail to provide satisfactory utilization of the available airspace resources. In order to support system-level design and management towards increased operational efficiency in such systems, an accurate depiction of major demand patterns is a prerequisite. This paper proposes a framework for the robust identification of significant air traffic flow patterns in Metroplex systems, which is aligned with the dynamic route service policy for the effective management of Metroplex operations. We first characterize deterministic demand through a spatio-temporal clustering algorithm that takes into account changes in the traffic flows over the planning horizon. Then, in order to handle uncertainties in the demand, a Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) approach is proposed, which takes into account demand variations and prediction errors in a robust way to ensure the reliability of the demand identification. The DRO-based approach is applied on pre-tactical (i.e. one-day planning) as well as operational levels (i.e. 2-h rolling horizon). The framework is applied to Time Based Flow Management (TBFM) data from the New York Metroplex. The framework and results are validated by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs).     

涵洞在岩溶地区路基溶洞处理中的应用

文章以广西靖西至那坡高速公路为项目背景，针对该项目所遇岩溶问题提出相应的处治措施，并根据溶洞所处位置及作用分类，总结归纳出几种采用涵洞处治的方案，同时阐述了涵洞结构尺寸设计要点。     

“双碳”目标下城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展机制与评价方法研究

为探究城市空间集约和土地高效利用背景下城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展的低碳效应，梳理城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展在构成要素、开发生命周期等方面的特征，分析一体化策划、规划、设计、建造和运维等发展阶段对促进“双碳”目标实现的作用与意义； 构建基于“双碳”目标的包含城市轨道交通发展、城市发展、一体化的低碳效应、城市中心区发展和城市中心区开发5项准则层指标在内的22项指标的一体化测度指标体系，综合运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法构建城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展评价方法体系。以南京新街口中心区2005年、2010年、2014年和2019年4个典〖JP2〗型阶段为例进行评价，结果分别为2.349、3.105、3.588和4.222，对应的一体化发展水平分别为较差、中、良和良。对照南京新街口中心区渐进式一体化发展历程可知，南京新街口中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展对促进区域“双碳”目标实现作用显著。     

A Football Field Lost Every 45 Minutes: Evaluating Local Capacity to Implement Louisiana's Coastal Master Plan

As Louisiana continues to experience substantial coastal wetland loss—at the rate of a football field every 45 min—and multiple disasters, state and federal officials struggle with implementing restoration plans in this highly productive ecosystem. The 2007 Louisiana Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast is the first large-scale restoration plan in the United States to incorporate hazard mitigation. However, there is no mandate for local governments to adhere to this plan. Building upon the planning quality and evaluation literature, this study analyzes comprehensive land use plans in Louisiana's coastal zone to systematically assess the quality of the plans within the context of a non-mandated, $50 billion large-scale state restoration plan. Results indicate a great disparity in plan quality; a majority of the local governments lack the capacity to implement the nonstructural programmatic elements of the state's plan. The study concludes with a discussion and recommendations for practice and future research.