Perceptions of the performance of state coastal zone management programs in the United States. II. Regional and state comparisons

A mail survey of coastal user groups, academics, and state coastal zone management program managers was conducted to determine the perceptions of the performance of state coastal zone management programs relative to the protection of coastal resources, the management of coastal development, the improvement of public access, and the management of coastal hazards. Information on the perceived importance of the selected issues to each of the 24 states being studied was also solicited. Findings on the perceptions of various categories of interest groups, academics, and program managers with respect to the overall performance of state coastal zone management programs in the four issue areas were presented in an earlier article, “Perceptions of the Performance of State Coastal Zone Management Programs in the United States”; (Knecht et al., 1996). The present article draws on a subset of these data—the responses from the coastal user groups and the academics—and presents the findings at the regional and individual state level. In terms of perceived performance of state coastal zone management programs on a regional basis relative to the selected issue areas, the highest rating went to the Great Lakes region for its management of public access. However, the North Atlantic region received the highest performance rating for the three other issue areas: protection of coastal resources, management of coastal development, and management of coastal hazards. Looking at state performance with regard to the coastal issues judged to be of most importance to the states—the protection of coastal resources and the management of coastal development—respondents indicated that states should improve their performance in both areas, with the greatest need related to the management of coastal development. Overall, the states of the North Atlantic, Great Lakes, and South Atlantic regions were perceived to be performing somewhat better relative to the four issue areas than the states in the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico regions. While the data do not shed light on the reasons for these regional differences, we suggest that, in the case of the Pacific region at least, the differences could be associated with higher expectations among the resident population with regard to environmental quality in general and coastal management in particular.     

海上交通巡逻和救助船舶配置规模研究

为适应海上交通安全管理需要,确定巡逻和救助船舶配置规模,根据船舶使用水域和功能定位,将巡逻和救助船舶划分3种类型和7个系列,基于巡逻船雷达基本探测原理和巡逻路径,计算巡逻船有效监管距离和面积,基于海上交通应急到达时间要求和救助路径,计算救助船有效救助距离和面积,根据离岸不同距离水域面积和岸线长度,确定巡逻和救助船舶配置规模,提高巡逻和救助船舶布局规划的科学性。     

船闸下引航道口门区回流特性及改善措施

根据船闸下引航道口门区水流特点,应用水槽数学模型,对不同引航道宽度、水流流速、水深等对下引航道口门区回流长度等特性的影响进行研究,得出船闸下引航道口门区回流长度的计算公式,并通过概化模型研究透空隔流堤对下引航道口门区水流条件的影响,结论可供船闸工程设计参考。     

畸形波模拟及其对近岸构筑物作用综述

畸形波是一种瞬时存在、具有较大波高的灾害性波浪,对近岸和海洋工程结构物都具有较大的破坏性。文中首先从畸形波的定义入手,通过分析畸形波的发生机理,引入畸形波模拟的探讨,总结畸形波对近岸构筑物作用的研究现状与发展趋势,并提出需要进一步研究的课题。     

高速公路服务区建设造价控制研究

影响高速公路服务区建设项目造价的因素很多,如何从决策阶段、设计阶段、招投标阶段、施工阶段等环节对工程总造价进行有效控制,从而提高服务区的社会效益和经济效益,值得工程建设者思考.     

Mathematical model of small water-plane area twin-hull and application in marine simulator

Small water-plane area twin-hull（SWATH） has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its good sea-keeping ability.In this paper,MMG＇s idea of separation was used to perform SWATH movement modeling and simulation;respectively the forces and moment of SWATH were divided into bare hull,propeller,rudder at the fluid hydrodynamics,etc.Wake coefficient at the propellers which reduces thrust coefficient,and rudder mutual interference forces among the hull and propeller,for the calculation of SWATH,were all considered.The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method of integration was used by solving differential equations,in order to get SWATH＇s movement states.As an example,a turning test at full speed and full starboard rudder of ‘Seagull＇ craft is shown.The simulation results show the SWATH＇s regular pattern and trend of motion.It verifies the correctness of the mathematical model of the turning movement.The SWATH＇s mathematical model is applied to marine simulator in order to train the pilots or seamen,or safety assessment for ocean engineering project.Lastly,the full mission navigation simulating system（FMNSS） was determined to be a successful virtual reality technology application sample in the field of navigation simulation.     

基于多旅行商问题的应急设施服务区划分模型

基于多旅行商问题,增设集散中心需求及应急服务设施资源容量约束条件,以最小化遍历区域内全部集散中心的综合旅行时间成本为优化目标,构建一种应急设施服务区划分模型,确定各应急设施的服务区范围.设计一种复合算法求解模型,首先基于P-中值选址模型的优化理念,形成初始方案;继而加入禁忌搜索算法,结合LKH求解器对模型进行迭代优化求得最优解.基于宁波市北仑区实际拓扑网络进行案例分析,验证了模型和求解方法的有效性.     

时间阈值对公交不平等评价结果的影响

时间阈值对公交可达性计算结果的影响,是否进一步影响到公交不平等评价结果,尚不明 确。以浙江省海宁市为例,用一种改进的两步移动搜索法(E2SFCA)计算公交可达性,得到 10~90 min共9个时间阈值下研究区域的总体、市区和农村公交服务的基尼系数,比较了不同时间 阈值下的基尼系数差异;按市区和农村两个群组对总体基尼系数进行分解,分析在时间阈值下群 组内和群组间不平等对总体公交不平等的影响。结果发现：随时间阈值增大而基尼系数逐渐减 小,公交不平等评价由“差距悬殊”变为“相对合理”;总体公交不平等的主要来源为群组内不平等 且贡献率在10~40 min时逐渐下降,在50~90 min时逐渐上升。研究表明,不同时间阈值会使公交 不平等评价结果出现偏差甚至得到相反的结论,有必要进一步研究消除时间阈值影响的方法。     

高海拔寒区隧道施工粉尘及有害气体监测与控制技术

高海拔寒区隧道恶劣的施工环境是限制施工进度的瓶颈,为了研究施工粉尘、有害气体的浓度及分布规律,采用滤膜测尘法和便携式CO检测仪分别对鸡丑山隧道粉尘和CO进行现场监测,用统计法对数据进行处理。结果表明： 不同的施工工序粉尘和有害气体含量差别较大,喷浆作业粉尘浓度最高,爆破作业有害气体浓度较高,出渣作业粉尘和有害气体浓度均较高,只有立架作业时隧道空气条件相对较好,无轨出渣是制约高海拔寒区隧道施工环境问题的最关键因素。结合高海拔地区隧道施工环境的特殊性,提出粉尘和有害气体的控制措施,并对提出的措施进行现场监测效果验证。研究结果对高海拔寒区隧道施工环境的控制具有借鉴意义。     

终端区空中交通流参数模型与仿真

研究机场终端区空中交通流参数的时空特性及演变规律,可为缓解终端区交 通拥挤,优化管控策略提供科学的依据.采用数理推导和仿真演析相结合的方法,首先基 于元胞传输模型建立了终端区进场交通系统模型,阐明空中交通流的速度、密度和流量三 项基本特性参数相互关系及影响要素;然后运用Netlogo仿真系统对增量后的进场交通流 的宏观涌现行为进行模拟,推演空中交通流基本参数的变化趋势,并进行敏感性分析;最 后,采用基于空管实测数据拟合的交通流参数关系对模型进行验证.研究结果表明,本文 建立的交通流参数模型符合实际且对终端区交通态势的判断具有应用价值,终端区空中 交通流基本参数间存在明显相关性,并随飞行程序、管制间隔、管制策略的改变而改变.