软土路基真空-堆载预压沉降变形特征及卸载时机研究

针对处于沿海滩涂软土路基之上的铁路专用线,采用真空-堆载联合预压的方案加固路基地基,开展了大量的表层沉降、孔隙水压力、分层沉降等观测项目.据实测资料,分析了地基表面的沉降规律,并考虑了地基分层沉降与孔隙水压力的变化规律,全面揭示了整个地基地层的沉降变化特征.运用双曲线合理地预测了工后沉降,且推算出地基整体的固结度;采用工后沉降与地基固结度建立卸载时机判别标准.结果表明:真空-堆载联合预压的处理方案有效地加固了沿海滩涂软土地基;全面考虑地基表面沉降、分层沉降及孔隙水压力,并采用工后沉降与地基固结度相结合的方式,为堆载预压的卸载时机判别标准研究提供了一种新的思路.     

大型海岸工程对水流和泥沙运动的影响研究

在淤泥质海岸建设大型海岸工程,会对周边海域的水沙环境产生一定影响。文章以连云港为例,应用波浪潮流泥沙数学模型,模拟计算了连云港海域大型海岸工程实施后对于水流泥沙运动的影响。研究结果表明:连云港区、徐圩港区以及灌河口双导堤工程实施后,工程区以外的大范围海域潮流场和含沙量场基本没有改变,变化主要集中在工程区和工程区附近近岸海域,总体呈现出动力减弱、含沙量减少的趋势。     

畸形波对直墙式构筑物作用的探索

文章借助一个工程试验,探索性地研究了工程前天然地形下近岸畸形波的存在情况以及工程后畸形波和常规随机波浪对直墙式核电取水构筑物作用的区别,给出了该试验畸形波和常规随机波浪对直墙式构筑物作用的关系及工程设计方面的建议。     

Rising Sea Levels: Helping Decision-Makers Confront the Inevitable

Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addition to its spatial non-uniformity, uncertain magnitude and timing, and capacity to drive non-stationarity in coastal flooding on planning and engineering timescales, create unique challenges for coastal risk-management decision processes. This review assesses past United States federal efforts to synthesize evolving SLR science in support of coastal risk management. In particular, it outlines the: (1) evolution in global SLR scenarios to those using a risk-based perspective that also considers low-probability but high-consequence outcomes, (2) regionalization of the global scenarios, and (3) use of probabilistic approaches. It also describes efforts to further contextualize regional scenarios by combining local mean sea-level changes with extreme water level projections. Finally, it offers perspectives on key issues relevant to the future uptake, interpretation, and application of sea-level change scenarios in decision-making. These perspectives have utility for efforts to craft standards and guidance for preparedness and resilience measures to reduce the risk of coastal flooding and other impacts related to SLR.     

Vulnerability of Coastal Resort Cities to Mean Sea Level Rise in the Mexican Caribbean

We evaluated the potential economic impacts of increasing sea level rise (SLR) along the Mexican Caribbean where there are major gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling flooding duration and frequency associated to future ecological and economic impacts. We determined the negative economic impact of SLR on infrastructure in the largest urban centers (Cancun, Isla Mujeres, Playa del Carmen, Puerto Morelos and Cozumel) in the state of Quintana Roo (Mexico) that are considered the largest tourism “hot spots” (resort cities) in the country. The tourism industry in this coastal area injects >8 billion dollars year^?1 to the Mexican economy. Our conservative economic assessment regarding the impact of SLR, under a 1?m scenario for all coastal cities is $330 million USD. Further projections for worst scenarios (SLR >2 m) show a non-linear trend where the cost of inaction can reach up to $1.4 billion USD (2?m SLR scenario) and $2.3 billion USD (3?m SLR scenario). This potential loss of infrastructure, as construction cost, is staggering and represents a robust baseline to start evaluating with more detail future impacts of climate variability and change on the Mexican Caribbean coastline.     

考虑列车-轨道-桥梁/声屏障相互作用的高速铁路半封闭式声屏障动力响应分析

为分析列车通过时桥上半封闭式声屏障的动力响应,采用Midas建立了桥梁和声屏障的有限元模型,分析结构的自振特性。基于车辆-轨道-桥梁动态相互作用原理,建立列车-轨道-桥梁/声屏障动态相互作用模型,对列车过桥时的安全性与舒适性进行数值计算,研究半封闭式声屏障的动力响应特点。结果表明:在桥上设置半封闭式声屏障后,桥梁和声屏障整体结构的刚度有所变化;列车以不大于220 km/h的速度过桥时,车辆的安全性指标均合格,车辆的平稳性指标为优秀,桥梁的动力响应指标满足规范要求;桥梁与声屏障连接处的边界条件对声屏障动力响应的影响显著。     

盐城港滨海港区海岸稳定性及深水航道工程的影响研究

该文结合大量长时间序列水下地形资料和近期水文泥沙资料,论述了废黄河三角洲的侵蚀过程、机制及近期动态;具体分析了滨海港区水下岸坡的侵蚀形态以及滨海港区10万t级航道工程对海岸稳定性的影响。研究表明,大浪作用对废黄河三角洲海岸侵蚀起控制作用,经1个多世纪的侵蚀,尽管其岸线仍向海凸出,但完整的水下三角洲形态已不复存在,近期侵蚀动态表现为水下岸坡的侵蚀陡坡整体内移,侵蚀速率已明显趋缓。拟建航道工程岸段岸线有效防护后,其稳定的水下岸坡坡度约1∶85。航道工程的拦沙堤可拦截近岸粗化层泥沙,减轻或阻止堤前滩面进一步下蚀,对海岸防护具有积极作用。滨海港10万t级航道的淤积主要为悬沙淤积,淤积强度相对较大的区域主要在内航道的近口门段及口外挖深相对较大区段。     

Integrated Coastal Management in Philippine Local Governance: Evolution and Benefits

In 1991 the Philippine government shifted many coastal management responsibilities to local governments and fostered increased local participation in the management of coastal resources. In their delivery of integrated coastal management (ICM) as a basic service, many local governments have achieved increasing public awareness of coastal resource management (CRM) issues. Continuing challenges are financial sustainability, inadequate capacities, weak law enforcement, and lack of integrated and collaborative efforts. To address these challenges, a CRM certification system was developed to improve strategies and promote incentives for local governments to support ICM. This system is being applied by an increasing number of local governments to guide the development and implementation of ICM in their jurisdiction. The CRM benchmarks required for a local government to achieve the first level of certification are: budget allocated, CRM related organizations formed and active, CRM plan developed and adopted, shoreline management initiated and two or more best practices implemented. Implementation is providing tangible benefits to communities through enhanced fisheries production associated with MPAs, revenues from user fees and enhanced community pride through learning exchanges and involvement in decisions, among others.     

A Review of Beach Bye-Law Usage in Supporting Coastal Management in Ireland

Coastal areas are commonly the focus of a range of human activities and uses. Beaches are one example of multi-use coastal environments, accommodating activities linked to leisure and recreation, amenity, conservation and business, often simultaneously. Ireland is no different in this regard, as its beach resources provide a range of goods and services of societal value. Ireland has 16 coastal counties and their associated local authorities have a beach management remit, a role that can present a number of challenges. The use of beach bye-laws is one option to support management of beach environments by local authorities. Local authority personnel tasked with beach management from each coastal local authority were surveyed to assess the actual and potential role of beach bye-laws in contributing to more effective management of beach environments and to broader coastal management. Usage of beach bye-laws varied across local authority areas and evidence suggested that the efficacy, use, and implementation of beach bye-laws differed from county to county. Beach bye-laws offer potential but interaction with other initiatives as part of a wider program for coastal management may yield improved results.     

Training Needs of Coastal Resources Decision Makers in Ohio's Lake Erie Basin

This article describes results from a study focused on informational and knowledge needs of local coastal resources decision makers in the Ohio Lake Erie basin. New information was obtained through a series of focus groups of local decision makers and key training providers in the basin. The results suggest that training providers and local coastal resources decision makers have differing perceptions of knowledge and information needs and training venues. The results suggest a role for state and federal agency training providers as coordinators and facilitators of an enhanced learning network among decision makers, including support of an information clearinghouse, adoption of appropriate e-based learning modalities, and regionally based learning and practice networks to improve the function of the training market to meet local decision maker needs.