产品安全认知视域下的自动驾驶车辆安全探讨

对产品安全认知的内涵与演进进行了剖析,从安全分析发展的角度梳理产品安全理念的发展,提出了有限性视域下的自动驾驶车辆安全需求。产品安全的本质是产品所处的风险状态,与社会发展协调同步。自动驾驶车辆除了要满足功能安全、预期功能安全、网络和数据安全外,还应有韧性安全需求。为理解产品安全认知的演进和自动驾驶安全需求分析的构建提供了思路。     

路面结构计算的有限元混合法

（目的）采用一种新的方法进行路面结构计算。（方法）利用有限元混合法可以解决路面结构中的弯沉值和弯拉应力等的计算问题。（结果）有限元混合法考虑了弹性体各结构层间的材料异性和接触状态,而在其接触面引入了成对的接触点对,以表现其接触的过程。在形成接触体系的刚度矩阵后,可以求解出弹性体接触内力,进而完成全部问题的求解。（结论）该方法对各结构层单元的位移求解完成后,通过物理方程便可以计算出单元的应力,对路面结构计算具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

浅论虚拟社区营销

本文针对目前蓬勃发展的网络虚拟社区,介绍了虚拟社区的特点以及我国虚拟社区发展的现状,分析了虚拟商品在虚拟社区中的价值,着重阐述了现实企业在虚拟社区中应该采用的营销策略     

水泥稳定再生骨料混合料力学性能研究

该文论述了在对再生骨料混合料级配进行调整的基础之上,研究再生骨料不同掺量下基层混合料的力学性能。试验结果表明:随着再生骨料掺量增加,水泥稳定再生骨料混合料的无侧限抗压强度、劈裂强度和抗压回弹模量均呈现增加的趋势,在再生骨料掺量75%附近点均出现峰值,通过线性回归分析,三个强度指标存在很好的线性相关性,相关系数都在0.9以上。     

基于韧性评估的地铁网络修复时序决策方法

为提高地铁应对突发事故的韧性,提出基于韧性评估的地铁网络修复时序方案决策方法.基于复杂网络理论,利用Space L方法构建地铁网络拓扑结构,部分节点失效后利用不同的修复策略生成备选方案;选取网络平均效率为性能指标,构建韧性指数评估不同修复时序方案下地铁网络韧性的表现,推荐韧性指数最大的方案为最优方案,探讨不同修复策略与网络恢复性能间的关系;以南京地铁为例进行实例分析.结果表明,多个节点失效时,优先修复策略受同步维修队伍个数的限制,前期表现较差,但有助于提升整个恢复阶段网络的性能;并行使用优先修复策略和增加维修队伍可有效提高网络韧性,缩短恢复时间.     

土基强度指标相关性研究

根据大量室内、室外试验检测数据对有关强度指标的相关性分析结果表明,路基回弹模量、压实度和路基稠度之间具有较好的相关性,同时应用该结果可实现对路面结构设计参数与现场施工质量的动态控制,对提高公路整体质量水平起到重要作用.     

双向土工格栅加筋路堤现场试验研究

用粉质红砂土修筑了一段双向土工格栅加筋试验路堤，现场测定了试验路基的回弹模量，研究了加筋层间距对回弹模量的影响规律。发现双向土工格栅加筋路堤的回弹模量随加筋层间距的减小而提高，提高的幅度随层间距的减小而降低。     

Effects of income inequality on evacuation,reentry and segregation after disasters

Large-scale disasters often trigger mass evacuation due to significant damages to urban systems. Understanding the evacuation and reentry (return) process of affected individuals is crucial for disaster management. Moreover, measuring the heterogeneity in the individuals' post-disaster behavior with respect to their socio-economic characteristics is essential for policy making. Recent studies have used large-scale location datasets collected from mobile devices to analyze post-disaster mobility patterns. Despite the availability of such data and the societal importance of the problem, no studies have focused on how income inequality affects the equity in post-disaster mobility. To overcome these research gaps, we overlay mobility data with income information from census to quantify the effects of income inequality on evacuation and reentry behavior after disasters, and the resulting spatial income segregation. Spatio-temporal analysis using location data of more than 1.7 million mobile phone users from Florida affected by Hurricane Irma reveal significant effects of income inequality on evacuation behavior. Evacuees with higher income were more likely to evacuate from affected areas and reach safer locations with less damage on housing and infrastructure. These differences were common among evacuees from both inside and outside mandatory evacuation zones. As a result of such effects of inequality, significant spatial income segregation was observed in the affected areas. Insights on the effects of income inequality on post-disaster mobility and spatial segregation could contribute to policies that better address social equity in pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster relief.     

Identifying the spatial distribution of public transportation trips by node and community characteristics

ABSTRACT

Identifying the spatial distribution of travel activities can help public transportation managers optimize the allocation of resources. In this paper, transit networks are constructed based on traffic flow data rather than network topologies. The PageRank algorithm and community detection method are combined to identify the spatial distribution of public transportation trips. The structural centrality and PageRank values are compared to identify hub stations; the community detection method is applied to reveal the community structures. A case study in Guangzhou, China is presented. It is found that the bus network has a community structure, significant weekday commuting and small-world characteristics. The metro network is tightly connected, highly loaded, and has no obvious community structure. Hub stations show distinct differences in terms of volume and weekend/weekday usage. The results imply that the proposed method can be used to identify the spatial distribution of urban public transportation and provide a new study perspective.     

考虑交通环境影响的封闭小区开放决策研究

封闭小区的开放可以增加城市道路网密度，缓解交通拥堵，但目前封闭小区开放方案的决策方式单一，且未考虑开放后给小区带来的汽车尾气和交通噪声污染问题。将交通环境影响纳入考量范围，以行程时间、尾气排放和交通噪声构成的总目标费用函数值最小作为优化目标。引入封闭小区是否开放、单双行和限速这3种决策方式，建立上层系统费用最优和下层用户均衡的封闭小区开放双层决策模型，并利用遗传算法和Frank-Wolfe算法分别对上、下层模型进行求解。 对模型优化效果进行验证分析，结果表明，所建模型最优解的费用值相对偏差为0.67%，应用此模型后同比节省费用平均值为11.80%。对比分析得到：合理设置封闭小区开放的3种决策方式，可 以减少车辆行程时间和绕行距离，降低出行者的出行费用和考虑交通环境影响的附加费用，且采取相对较高的限速值有利于降低出行总费用值。