多用途重吊船机舱通风系统设计

通过应用实例介绍了机舱通风系统的设计过程,包括机舱通风量计算、管路布置、风口等附件以及百叶窗控制系统等设计方法。     

交叉互连油气弹簧抗侧倾特性研究及试验

针对多轴重型特种车辆存在的偏载问题,为了减小偏载对静态姿态以及转弯行驶稳定性的不良影响,设计一种交叉互连油气弹簧.从液压原理方面分析了交叉互连油气弹簧的抗侧倾作用,通过悬架侧倾角刚度推导和仿真,验证了交叉互连油气弹簧具有良好的抗侧倾特性.将油气弹簧进行装车试验,通过静载工况、转弯工况的实车试验,进一步验证了交叉互连油气...     

Internalization of Transportation External Costs: Impact Analysis of Logistics Company Mode and Route Choices

Abstract

This study focuses on the mode and route choices of a logistics company in a situation involving intercity transportation with networks of surface roads, highways and a railway. A method of transportation network analysis is applied to construct a logistics company mode and route choice models with the objective of minimizing total distribution and external costs. This study also assumes that the fleet number and vehicle capacities are given. Freight distributed from a distribution center to given retailers or consumers via surface road/highway links or via intermodal transportation involving surface road/highway links and a railway. In terms of model construction, this study first explores the routing and sequence of the retailers and consumers served by each vehicle. Second, the study internalizes the external cost of air pollution into the total distribution cost, to analyze the influences of external cost burdens on a logistics company mode and route choices from a user charge perspective. Finally, the study designs a heuristic algorithm for solving the above models, and illuminates the modeling process using a numerical example.     

复杂地表气液混输管路持液率影响分析

为促进生产工况参数调整,缓解气液混输管路积液问题,对比研究了考虑高程变化的起伏管路以及不考虑高程变化的水平管路在气液比、管径、输送压力工况参数变化下对管路持液率的影响规律,以及地形变化对持液量的影响情况。通过实际工程案例验证了研究成果对促进管路积液主控因素判断和工况参数调整具有较好的实用性和可靠性。     

气垫船起吊眼板的结构响应分析

为了校核起吊眼板的结构强度,利用MSC．Patran软件分别用壳单元、体单元对其进行有限元建模,在计算缆索拉力时,计算采用梯形分布形式来模拟起吊眼板真实的受力状态。根据计算结果提出一种实用的眼板加强结构——钢质眼板套。利用上述方法校核含有眼板套的眼板结构,此时眼板内缘的应力减小,说明眼板套对缆索拉力进行了分散,降低了眼板内缘的应力水平,达到了预期效果。     

Complex Network Topology of Transportation Systems

ABSTRACT

As a strategic factor for a country to survive in the global competition, transportation systems have attracted extensive attention from different disciplines for a long time. Since the introduction of complex network theory in the last decade, however, studies on transport systems have witnessed dramatic progress. Most roads, streets, and rails are organized as a network pattern, while link flows, travel time, or geographical distance are regarded as weights. In this article, the authors will present the current state of topological research on transportation systems under a complex network framework, as well as the efforts and challenges that have been made in the last decade. First, different kinds of transportation systems should be generalized as networks in different ways, which will be explained in the first part of this paper. We follow this by summarizing network measures that describe topological characteristics of transportation networks. Then we discuss the empirical observations from the last decade on real transportation systems at a variety of spatial scales. This paper concludes with some important challenges and open research frontiers in this field.     

基于时间富余度控制的滑行道调度优化模型

针对机场场面运行中部分航空器剩余滑行时间较短、准时性低的现状,研究滑行道调度优化问题。在构建基于时间富余度控制的滑行道调度优化模型中,优先考虑以剩余滑行时间为主的航空器动态优先级;以我国某大型机场的场面运行数据为基础,采用生物地理学算法进行仿真验证。结果显示：与经典的先到先服务策略相比,航空器到达滑行终点的误差由1499 s降至553 s,降低了63.1%,冲突航空器到达误差从371 s降至147 s,降低了60.3%;在冲突解脱方面,由剩余滑行时间较多的航空器承担更多的冲突等待,有效减少航空器滑行冲突次数,保障后续停机位指派与跑道调度的有效性,大大提高了滑行道的滑行效率。     

面向航班延误的停机位实时指派优化模型

为解决航班延误造成机场停机位占用冲突问题,在对延误等级进行划分的基础上,以最小化机坪冲突概率,旅客变更登机口步行距离和指派至远机位的旅客数为目标,构建停机位实时指派的多目标优化模型,设计带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解.利用我国某大型机场的实际运行数据进行仿真验证.结果表明：在机位占用冲突得到成功化解的基础上,旅客变更登机口的平均步行距离减至102.9 m,指派至远机位的旅客数减至0人;所提出的停机位实时指派模型在保证机坪安全运行的前提下,能有效优化旅客乘机体验,提升机坪运行效率,为繁忙机场停机位资源调度提供决策支持.     

碳达峰视角下的机场航空器碳排放预测

机场的航空器碳排放是民航碳排放的主要来源之一,早日实现机场航空器碳排放达峰有 助于加快推进绿色民航建设。以厦门高崎国际机场为例,首先采用改进的ICAO方法测算了2019 年机场航空器碳排放量;然后,运用情景分析与蒙特卡洛模拟方法预测了厦门机场航空器碳排放 达峰可能性、峰值与影响因素。结果表明：2019年厦门机场航空器在起降循环阶段共产生碳排放 33.8万t,2035年碳排放最多可达45.3万t;在绿色发展和技术突破情景下,2035年前均可实现航 空器碳排放达峰,且技术突破情景下达峰更早、峰值更低;航空器滑行时间和生物燃油替代率是 碳达峰的最重要影响因素;机场可从优化场面运行、加强规划引领等方面减少机场航空器碳排 放,实现机场航空器碳排放顺利达峰、早日达峰。     

山岳隧道施工受温泉流水影响之探讨

近年来,台湾开发的部分重大建设均牵涉山岳隧道的开挖,因台湾地处欧亚板块与菲律宾板块交界处,受其影响,常发现有温泉形成。隧道内如有温泉水流出,则相比一般隧道外的作业环境温度要高出很多,而大部分隧道会遇到温泉水的问题。本研究针对实际工程案例的现地探查数据及隧道开挖施工效率进行分析,探讨了温泉水对隧道施工的影响,以期为高温隧道开挖施工提供借鉴参考。