复合主拱圈加固石拱桥力学性态分析

从复合主拱圈加固石拱桥加固前后力学性态的角度,结合具体的实际加固工程,对加固前后主拱圈截面内力进行计算,阐述主拱圈截面强度和整体"强度-稳定"性提高率,验算新旧拱圈结合面抗剪承载力和新增结构对原结构的影响,提出一项基于承载力提高率的加固增强总体效果评价指标,以期对石拱桥加固设计方案比选、加固质量评定有一定的积极指导作用。     

高强次轻混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过高强次轻混凝土梁的抗弯试验,对高强次轻混凝土梁的极限抗弯承载力、荷载-挠度曲线、延性和裂缝进行了分析,结果表明:与同等强度的轻集料混凝土梁相比,次轻混凝土梁具有较高的刚度,但略小于普通混凝土梁;使用荷载作用下次轻混凝土梁的挠度和裂缝宽度都满足正常使用极限状态的要求.次轻混凝土梁在破坏时都表现出较好的延性.     

极限荷载作用下铁路钢筋混凝土旧桥的受力行为试验研究

为了探讨既有ＲＣ桥梁的的承载能力，作者对一座具有３０年运营历史，且存在较为严重损伤的ＲＣ梁进行了破坏试验，探讨了在荷载及极限荷载作用下梁中的应力，挠度及裂缝宽度变化情况，并实测了极限荷载的大小以及混凝土和钢筋的实际强度。文中还给出了评定既有ＲＣ桥梁的国能力和损伤程度的方法。     

绳正法在高铁曲线整道的适用性分析

为研究以绳正法为代表的渐伸线方法在高速铁路曲线养护中的适用性,从而为高铁维修提供理论依据,通过建立绳正法的矩阵模型,利用条件数分析渐伸线方法的性态,并采用不确定度理论定量讨论实测正矢与拨后正矢间的误差传递关系。研究结果表明：绳正法的系统矩阵为病态,其计算对数据扰动敏感;由于计算存在累和,导致拨量与拨后正矢误差将随测桩号增加而增加,故绳正法拨道只适合短撬作业;鉴于高铁曲线正矢允差±2 mm,绳正法在高铁曲线整道中并不适用,建议采用其他方法予以拨正。     

40m上承式钢板梁桥加固前后动力特性研究

从理论上对钢板梁桥横向加固效果进行了定性分析,并应用大型有限元分析软件AN-SYS建立了加固前后桥梁结构的三维空间有限元模型。通过模态分析获得了加固前后结构前10阶自振频率和振型,并对几种方案的加固效果进行了定量分析,得出有意义的结论。     

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国外已经广泛使用的SP调查方法在我国交通领域还鲜有应用，因此，本文首先介绍了交通SP（Stated Preference）调查和RP（Revealed Preference）调查的不同，并阐述了前者相对于后者的优越性。交通方式选择模型中，采用RP调查标定时间价值参数，通常会由于数据相关性较强而产生误差，进而影响到整个四阶段模型的精度。本文在构架交通方式选择模型的基础上，指出行为时间价值参数的重要性，并分析了其不易准确衡量的原因。在此基础上，以北京市市域交通模型为例，利用SP调查以较低的成本获取足够的数据，从而准确地标定了时间价值参数，提高了模型的精度。     

黑腹果蝇梳理行为谱及行为序列研究

目的构建黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)的梳理行为谱并研究其行为序列。方法使用集中个体取样法和扫描取样法观察记录目标动物的行为,Ethom软件处理数据。结果黑腹果蝇梳理行为共计15种,且具特定的行为序列:前足参与的梳理行为很少与后足参与的梳理行为产生联系,当梳理前翅时,果蝇会趋向于继续梳理前翅或转向梳理身体后部;而当梳理身体后部时,果蝇会趋向于继续梳理身体后部或转向梳理前翅而不会趋向于梳理身体前部。去翅后梳理行为组成及行为序列均未改变。结论果蝇的梳理行为是一种先天定型行为,各梳理行为之间非随机出现,具有特定的时间序列。     

The association between transit access and auto ownership: evidence from Guangzhou,China

In many developing countries, massive investment in transit infrastructure is concurrent with the proliferation of automobiles. Planners expect that investment can slow the growth of auto ownership. However, few studies have examined the relationships between transit access and auto ownership in developing countries, whereas research in developed countries offers mixed findings and the outcomes may not be applicable to developing countries. This study employs a random effect ordered probit model on data collected from Guangzhou residents in 2011–2012. We find that transit access is negatively associated with auto ownership, after controlling for demographics and other built environment variables. This result suggests that, although income is the dominant driver for auto ownership in growing developing countries, transit investment is a promising strategy to slow the growth of auto ownership. This study also highlights the importance of addressing spatial dependency in clustered data.     

中国实现增长方式转变的必由之路--发展循环经济

循环经济是资源节约型和资源循环型的新兴生态工业经济.其特征是自然资源的节约、保护和循环利用.它是以人类社会发展与自然和谐统一的生态学原理为指导原则,通过实现从国家发展战略,社会的运行机制,到全社会各层次主体的思想意识、行为方式及社会经济发展模式全方位地向可持续发展的轨道上的转变,达到高效利用资源,减少生态破坏和环境污染、实现社会、经济系统的高效、和谐、物质的良性循环,达到环境与经济的双赢目的.发展循环经济是实现可持续发展的必要条件.     

Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.