铁路客站大跨叠层桁架结构受力分析

跨度52m的钢结构大跨叠层桁架是西安火车站站改工程重要组成部分。通过建立大跨叠层桁架的整体有限元模型,对整体结构进行全面的静力分析和自振特性分析。静力分析着重研究结构整体变形和应力比,分析不同荷载工况作用下结构变形特征;自振特性分析在研究叠层桁架自振特性的基础上,分析改变桁架腹杆形式对结构自振特性的影响。计算结果表明:构件的变形及应力比均满足《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017—2003)的规定,结构整体位移分布一般呈现正对称特征,大跨叠层桁架的最大位移区域位于跨中位置;大跨叠层桁架具有较低的自振频率,腹杆形式的改变对其自振频率的影响不大。     

Fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine intake and exhaust system based on dynamic feature fusion北大核心CSCD

[目的]船舶系统由多设备的复杂机构组成,各组件参数具有动态性和非线性的特点,所以故障诊断过程复杂。为提高诊断效率,提出一种动态特征融合方法。[方法]利用分形理论、动态理论及核主元分析(KPCA)法对系统状态数据进行重构、映射及筛选,得到主元特征数据矩阵,求得平方预测误差(SPE)及相应的控制限,构建出基于船舶柴油机进排气系统健康数据的离线监测模型,利用该模型对系统进行故障诊断分析。为验证模型的有效性,选取某船舶柴油机进排气系统的故障数据进行验证分析。[结果]结果表明,动态特征融合分析方法可有效实现对系统动态非线性状态数据的精确分析,实现对系统故障的高效分析和诊断。与KPCA及支持向量机(SVM)方法相比,所提方法具有更好的故障诊断性能。[结论]该方法可实现船舶柴油机进排气系统故障的检测和诊断,提升系统运行的可靠性和安全性。     

基于延迟脱体涡算法高速列车通过隧道时的绕流特性

基于延迟脱体涡算法和滑移网格技术,建立CRH380A型列车的含有转向架的三维可压缩瞬态仿真模型,模拟研究高速列车气动力、速度场和表面压力这3大绕流特性的变化规律。结果表明:延迟脱体涡算法能较好地捕捉列车通过隧道时的气动特性;当列车头部刚驶入隧道时,气动阻力迅速升高并在车头完全进入隧道时达到最大值,列车下方2侧的速度纵向分量会急剧增加,位于靠近设备舱位置的速度纵向分量会显著降低;当尾车刚驶入隧道时,隧道内壁与列车侧面之间的流场会出现回流区;当尾车全部刚驶入隧道时,气动升力和侧向力骤然增加;当列车全部驶入隧道后,气动力的波动幅值均明显升高;列车通过隧道过程中,列车侧面压力整体上呈现先增后减、最后维持周期性波动的趋势,处于尾流区的车尾部位具有更强烈的波动特征;列车裙板和车底的表面压力整体上均呈先减后增、最后维持在较高幅值波动的趋势,对列车相关结构的疲劳强度产生不利影响。     

隧道口减光设施对照明的影响研究

近年来,伴随着我国基础设施建设的不断推进,隧道里程不断增多,隧道照明系统的重要性日益突出,因此对隧道洞口驾驶员视觉特性、减光设施的特点及减光效果进行研究,具有重要的意义。本文通过对隧道洞口驾驶员的视觉特性进行研究,分别论述各种洞口减光设施的特点,并以南京扬子江路隧道、富贵山隧道、双龙街立交隧道的检测数据为基础,计算减光设施对洞口亮度的影响,以及隧道内加强照明的亮度需求的降低程度,进一步分析得出采用减光设施对照明设施建设的投资影响以及可节约的照明养护成本等。     

Determinants of airport retail revenue: a review of literature

ABSTRACT

As the airport retail industry continues to grow due to increasing travel demands, airport operators are increasingly developing their retail revenue potential to ensure financial viability. This study aims to provide a review of airport retail literature and identify the salient factors associated with passenger shopping behaviour. The paper presents a review of contemporary airport retail literature, covering a total of 50 studies from 1998 to 2018. The review identified 26 factors, which could broadly be grouped into five categories: airport/operator related; passengers' demographic related; passengers’ travel related; passengers’ psychological related and passengers’ resources related. In addition to providing a summary of the statistically significant factors across studies, the review identifies and discusses potential approaches for future research. These include the importance of considering both “to spend or not” decision and how much to spend and how most empirical studies focussed on the former; the gap in empirical analysis on the impact of airport terminal design layout on retail performance; and the gap in application of general consumer shopping behavioural models to airport retail problems. The paper concludes with the suggestion that we can build on the existing studies to develop a hybrid approach to solve several of the identified gaps simultaneously.     

隧道内列车振动对近接建筑物的影响分析北大核心

针对运营列车通过隧道时引起近接建筑物地面振动进行了现场测试,并对测试数据进行了功率谱、Z振级及1/3倍频程分析。在此基础上,利用有限元软件建立了围岩-隧道-轨道结构振动模型,对运营列车引起的建筑物振动进行了计算分析。结合实测与计算结果,对近接建筑物的振动特性进行了评价。结果表明:列车以速度300 km/h通过隧道时,地面振动功率谱主频白天集中在33.0 Hz左右,夜间集中在42.7 Hz左右,夜间的主频比白天大;地面各测点处Z振级的总体趋势是先波动式上升,再平缓波动,后逐渐波动式下降,地面Z振级主要集中在20~80 dB;1/3倍频程分频最大振级白天位于48.4~60.8 dB,夜间位于47.4~59.4 dB;列车通过隧道时基础处振动速度峰值整体呈波浪形分布,引起的地面振动速度小于0.045 mm/s,小于规范限值要求,对建筑物基础以及人体舒适度的影响较小;在缺乏大量实测结果的条件下,结合小样本实测结果,采用有限元计算结果进行振动响应评价具有一定的可行性。     

船舶差异化监管选船机制研究——以青岛黄岛海事处为例

该文通过简要介绍黄岛辖区概况以及面临的监管压力,全面分析目前选船标准的现状及存在的3方面问题,并提出了3方面改进建议,最终以青岛黄岛海事处为例探索建立了以部海事局选船标准为基础,同时将货物、环境、码头3方面纳入其中,符合辖区监管特点的选船机制。     

交通可达性与城市经济活动的空间特征分析：以北京市为例

借助开源大数据平台，提出交通可达性及城市经济活动数据采集策略，利用全局常参数和局部变参数回归模型研究北京市六环区域内两者的空间特征.相比于全局模型，局部模型能够较好地刻画交通可达性与城市经济活动间的空间异质性特征.结果表明，私人交通可达性呈现以天安门为中心径向递减的多圈层结构，公共交通呈现轨道交通沿线区域高的特点.交通可达性与经济活动匹配度具有空间非平稳性，空间分离和匹配现象并存.西北部、中部区域空间匹配特征显著，东北部、东部区域次之，西南区域空间分离现象最为严重.丰台及良乡等分离区域，宜重视道路及轨道线网等基础设施建设工作；未来科学城等私人交通匹配，公共交通分离的区域，可考虑修建轨道线路，并增加公交运营服务水平；中关村科学城、北京经济技术开发区等匹配区域，以调整交通运营管理政策为主.     

Assessment of antenna characteristic effects on pedestrian and cyclists travel-time estimation based on Bluetooth and WiFi MAC addresses

Monitoring pedestrian and cyclists movement is an important area of research in transport, crowd safety, urban design and human behaviour assessment areas. Media Access Control (MAC) address data has been recently used as potential information for extracting features from people’s movement. MAC addresses are unique identifiers of WiFi and Bluetooth wireless technologies in smart electronics devices such as mobile phones, laptops and tablets. The unique number of each WiFi and Bluetooth MAC address can be captured and stored by MAC address scanners. MAC addresses data in fact allows for unannounced, non-participatory, and tracking of people. The use of MAC data for tracking people has been focused recently for applying in mass events, shopping centres, airports, train stations, etc. In terms of travel time estimation, setting up a scanner with a big value of antenna’s gain is usually recommended for highways and main roads to track vehicle’s movements, whereas big gains can have some drawbacks in case of pedestrian and cyclists. Pedestrian and cyclists mainly move in built distinctions and city pathways where there is significant noises from other fixed WiFi and Bluetooth. Big antenna’s gains will cover wide areas that results in scanning more samples from pedestrians and cyclists’ MAC device. However, anomalies (such fixed devices) may be captured that increase the complexity and processing time of data analysis. On the other hand, small gain antennas will have lesser anomalies in the data but at the cost of lower overall sample size of pedestrian and cyclist’s data. This paper studies the effect of antenna characteristics on MAC address data in terms of travel-time estimation for pedestrians and cyclists. The results of the empirical case study compare the effects of small and big antenna gains in order to suggest optimal set up for increasing the accuracy of pedestrians and cyclists’ travel-time estimation.     

Dynamic behavior of scaled tubular K-joints subjected to impact loads

This paper examines the dynamic behavior of the tubular K-joints in offshore platforms by means of experimental and numerical studies. The structural response is studied through Falling Weight Impact Tester(FWIT) with three different falling heights. A non-direct similitude method is developed and applied to the scaled K-joint models. The experimental results, including final deformed shapes and impact force responses, are reported to be useful for further benchmark studies. The finite element models are then developed by commercial software LS-DYNA, where nonlinear material properties are considered based on the corresponding tensile tests. Good correspondence between the numerical and experimental results is achieved, and relevant sensitivity analyses of numerical results are carried out to verify the reliability of the numerical models. Finally, the influence of the strain-rate definition and the reliability of the similarity are discussed. In general, the impact response in the present study is significantly dependent on the definition of dynamic material characteristics. The results obtained from Cowper-Symonds model with constants derived from the dynamic tensile test yield a good estimation when compared with the experimental results. Besides, scaled models tend to obtain un-conservative prediction results, and the developed non-direct similitude method is appropriate for the application.