Stress concentration factors of multi-planar tubular KT-joints subjected to in-plane bending moments

Numerical research on the stress concentration factors (SCFs) in uniplanar tubular joints is abundantly reported in literature. However, it has been shown that SCF equations for uniplanar joints can lead to both under- or overestimation of the SCFs in multi-planar joints. In this paper, a parametric finite element study of 81 different three-planar KT joints subjected to five different in-plane bending loading conditions is performed. The effects of different non-dimensional geometrical parameters on the SCF values at the crown locations of the central and outer braces are studied. Based on nonlinear regression analyses of the finite element results, a new set of SCF equations is developed and presented.     

SCFs in tubular X-joints retrofitted with FRP under out-of-plane bending moment

This paper presents a parametric study on the stress concentration factors (SCFs) on the chord member in tubular X-connections reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under out-of-plane bending moment. For this aim, a FE model was generated and validated using several available experimental tests. After that, a set of 276 FE models was created to evaluate the effect of the FRP (layer number, orientation, and material) and joint geometry (γ, τ, and β) on the SCFs. In these FE models, the contact between the FRP sheets and the steel members (chord, weld, and braces) was modeled. Results indicated that the rise of the FRP laminate number causes a notable drop of the SCFs, especially in the connections with big γ. Moreover, the increment of the elastic modulus of FRP along the fibers causes a notable decrease of the SCF. Results showed that, for certain geometrical parameters set, the SCF in an X-connection retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) can be down to 23% of the SCF in the associated un-retrofitted connection. Despite the notable efficacy of the FRP sheets on the drop of the SCFs in the X-connections, there is not any study or equation on the X-connections with FRP. Therefore, an equation was proposed for quantifying the SCFs in the X-connections with FRP.     

Indoor air quality and passenger thermal comfort in Beijing metro transfer stations

In this study, particulate matter was investigated as the primary pollutant in the air quality of Beijing Metro transfer stations, and passenger thermal comfort during the transfer process was evaluated by using the relative warmth index (RWI). Passenger thermal comfort level is not ideal in 87% of the measured space and is slightly hot overall, with an RWI range of 0.20–0.43. Although 20% of the measured space has lower values than ASHRAE’s cooling comfort class, the thermal comfort level of most measured space is good in winter morning rush hours, with an RWI range from −0.18 to 0.28. The particulate matter (PM) concentration is related not only to the season and spatial depth but also to the transfer design of the metro station. During the morning rush period, the concentration ranges difference of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in winter are 262.9 μg/m³ and 125.5 μg/m³, respectively, which are 1.43 and 1.46 times higher than those of in summer. There are significant differences in the PM concentration and RWI values between the island and lateral platforms of Beijing Metro transfer stations, and the design of the lateral platform is superior to that of the island platform. Another exploratory experiment is conducted to determine if the PM concentration has a potential effect on human metabolic rate. The data in this paper provide a valuable reference for further comfort research and environmental control in metro station, and the conclusions may guide the further underground space design of metro transfer stations.     

季冻性类黏土降温速率及盐浓度对工程质量的影响

季冻区道路经常发生冻胀、翻浆、开裂、不均匀沉降等一系列冻害现象,深入研究冻害因素对土体性质的影响,对季冻区工程建设及维护具有重要意义。文章以呼和浩特地区的类黏土为研究对象,通过冻胀率试验和无侧限抗压强度试验,检测土体降温速率及土体中盐浓度对冻土工程质量的影响,结果表明降温速率与盐浓度对类黏土性质的影响明显。     

浅谈纯氧曝气活性污泥法处理技术

纯氧曝气活性污泥法处理技术已在国外污水处理工程得到广泛应用,介绍了该技术的供氧方式、原理以及目前成熟的供氧系统,通过对比分析纯氧曝气与空气曝气在饱和溶解氧浓度、氧转移速率等技术参数和经济性能方面的差异,论述了纯氧曝气的突出优点。同时介绍了纯氧曝气工艺在城市污水处理、工业废水处理、河道污染整治等方面的工程应用情况。     

前簧弯耳平销断裂失效分析

通过化学成分分析、硬度测试、渗碳层深度检测、断口形貌分析以及微观组织检查等实验分析,确定了重型卡车前簧弯耳平销断裂原因。分析结果表明：碳浓度过高,致使零件表层析出大量断续网状碳化物,增大了材料局部脆性,弱化了晶界,导致零件在装配时发生断裂。     

高瓦斯隧道工作面甲烷传感器布置研究

针对高瓦斯隧道工作面甲烷传感器的安装位置参数缺乏理论依据,首先建立隧道几何模型,根据湍流状态下的守恒方程、湍流动能方程、组分输送方程以及标准k-ε模型,模拟隧道工作面甲烷的分布情况。结果显示,风管位置和通风量对工作面甲烷体积分数的分布情况影响很大,正常通风状态下风管对面边墙位置甲烷体积分数高,通风量不足时,隧道顶部甲烷体积分数高。根据模拟结果和现场实测,确定甲烷传感器的安装位置和数量,并提出合理的布置要求。     

An analytical SCF solution method for joint misalignments and application in fatigue test data interpretation

In this study, we first present a general analytical method for calculating stress concentration factors in a cruciform connection containing either axial or angular misalignment between two intercostal members through an application of Castigliano's second theorem. As such, various end restraint conditions of interest in practice can be considered with ease. Such a solution method provides stress concentration factors at intersection location not only with respect to intercostal members, but also with respect to continuous members. A comprehensive set of SCF solutions, confirmed by finite element solutions, are then presented in tabular forms which can be used as supplements to the existing SCF solutions such as those given in BS 7910 and DNV-RP-C203 for performing fatigue and fracture assessment of welded connections. Some of the existing solutions are shown to be valid only under a narrower set of conditions than documented and some seem to be in significant error. As a further demonstration of the validity of the analytical approach presented in this paper, the same analytical formulation is applied for examining interaction effects between misalignments and fatigue testing conditions, resulting in significantly improved correlation of fatigue test data obtained as a part of this study.     

基于应力集中系数的SWATH船疲劳节点筛选方法研究

小水线面双体船的疲劳强度问题十分突出,疲劳强度校核节点众多且目前还没有一个明确的疲劳节点筛选原则。针对这些问题,研究基于典型节点的热点应力集中系数有限元计算和名义应力分析,对小水线面双体船全船结构中可能发生疲劳强度失效的节点进行疲劳寿命估算,并根据估算结果对需要进行热点应力分析的疲劳节点进行筛选。计算结果表明,该方法在处理大量结构节点的疲劳寿命估算问题中,计算效率较高,能够反映全船的节点疲劳强度特性,且估算结果较为可靠。该方法不仅适用于小水线面双体船,对于其他类型的船舶,该方法同样具有适用性。     

混凝土耐久性监测传感器的研制及应用

研制了可预埋于混凝土结构中,能够实时监测混凝土中钢筋腐蚀电位、腐蚀速率、氯离子浓度和p H值的耐久性监测传感器,并对传感器的性能进行研究。研究结果表明:在测试的时间范围内,传感器能够较好地反映混凝土中氯离子浓度、p H值、钢筋腐蚀电位和腐蚀速率的变化趋势,可以用于监测混凝土结构的耐久性健康状况。