考虑矿物各向异性的地聚物/集料界面静动态交互特征模拟

地聚物作为一种低碳环保、应用潜力广阔的无机结合料，其与不同表面构造集料的界面交互作用直接影响地聚物混凝土的力学性能和耐久性。充分考虑集料矿物晶向的各向异性，采用分子动力学模拟(Molecular Dynamics， MD)从原子分子层次的作用模式和强度分析，模拟了地聚物主要水化成分N-A-S-H、C-A-S-H和集料矿物化学成分SiO₂、CaCO₃不同晶面的静态界面相互作用，并采用单轴拉伸方法从纳米尺度下讨论了不同界面交互的动态力学行为。模拟结果表明：CaCO₃各晶面表现出比SiO₂更强的表面能和表面浸润性，并与C-A-S-H、N-A-S-H的界面相互作用势和拉伸应力更强，但CaCO₃晶面各向异性明显，性能稳定性不及SiO₂。地聚物与集料矿物的相互作用势主要由静电势提供，由于矿物界面静电作用及浸润特征，交互区水分子聚集，氢键作用明显，同时水分子与Ca²⁺、Na⁺进行配位形成水合离子，有助于离子在矿物表面迁移、沉淀与成核生长，增强界面空间位阻效应。在单轴拉伸模拟中，地聚物与集料矿物界面拉伸失效机制包括2个阶段：第1阶段(0 nm＜界面位移d＜0.15 nm)主要克服界面交互的静电作用，第2阶段(0.15 nm≤d≤0.3 nm)主要克服氢键作用。MD模拟有助于从分子尺度揭示地聚物与集料界面作用机制，为进一步研究地聚物混凝土材料优化、交互界面强化及损伤等提供了新方法和理论依据。     

预制拼装桥墩体系及其抗震性能研究进展

预制拼装桥墩体系(Pre-fabricated Concrete PierSystem, PCP)抗震性能是影响其推广、应用的关键。为加快PCP在中、高烈度等复杂恶劣工程环境中的设计、施工与建造，首先综述了PCP节点连接的接缝形式、连接构造类型及典型工程示例，指出了PCP常用3种接缝形式和6种连接构造力学性能的研究现状及其优缺点；其次，系统地梳理了PCP抗震性能的研究进展，分析了不同连接条件下PCP的抗震性能，明晰了现有PCP抗震性能研究的不足及未来研究方向；最后，详细地论述了PCP抗震性能提升方法的研究前沿，探究了耗能延性构造的设置、高性能材料的应用、新型装配式节点构造设计以及新型混合预制桥墩体系的提出等PCP抗震性能提升方法的优缺点和发展方向。结果表明：通过对装配式节点的合理设计以及薄弱区域的预处理，预制拼装桥墩体系的抗震性能能够达到“等同现浇”的设计原则。然而PCP在复杂恶劣工程环境中的推广应用仍面临以下关键问题：PCP既有节点连接方式、体系和改进措施的抗震性能研究成果亟需归纳；新型节点连接方式、新体系和新型改进措施亟待提出，相关抗震性能有待验证；既有和新型PCP抗震性能的理论分析及抗震设计方法尚需完善；适用于复杂恶劣环境的预制拼装桥墩设计、施工标准亟需制定。     

流场能量牵引在铁路桥梁防风设计中的应用

南疆铁路至兰新高铁枢纽位于新疆著名的三十里风区,当地多次发生大风导致列车倾覆事件。本段桥梁是高铁与普铁联络线,针对高铁及普速铁路梁的特点综合分析,选用适宜梁型,结合挡风结构受力特点,运用流场数值计算、风洞试验、动力学仿真等方法展开研究,对梁体局部改造加强。通过分析强风场中列车受力特点,以及挡风屏结构高度等对风场影响的规律,在挡风屏设圆形及椭圆形交错开孔,通过紊乱气流自身损耗风能。人行道步板改用透风结构,减弱桥面顶板气流反冲力,改变列车附近的局部风场,降低横向风力对列车的冲击作用,对列车的安全运营提供了有力的保障。研究结论:(1)挡风结构制造紊流消耗有害风向,防护作用明显好于靠加强结构自身强度来抵抗风害;(2)对于气流进行疏导,对风场势能进行牵引,改变风荷载影响作用显著;(3)铁路桥梁结构防风设计,应该以风场势能的研究为主方向,局限于平面的受力关系研究势必会影响防风设计的思路。     

预应力方桩混凝土施工质量的控制要点

结合黄骅港泰地液体化工码头工程的先张法预应力空心方桩施工，从混凝土原材料进场质量、混凝土含气量、拌合站计量偏差控制等环节，分析预应力高性能混凝土自身质量的控制要点。针对先张法预应力预制方桩混凝土施工过程出现的坍落度损失大、浮浆厚、钢筋保护层偏大、桩表面出现裂纹等一系列质量问题进行原因分析，提出有效保证混凝土施工质量的控制措施，从而确保后续预应力混凝土方桩的实体质量。     

Multi-objective optimization for asphalt pavement maintenance plans at project level: Integrating performance,cost and environment

Traditionally, asphalt pavement maintenance mainly considers pavement performance and cost and largely ignores the environment while substantial amount of environmental burdens are released in the process. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model was developed integrating the three elements in order to optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans at the project level. Pavement performance element was decided as the multiplier of pavement serviceability index and traffic volume. Cost element was represented by the net present value, including components of agency cost, vehicle operation cost and salvage value. Environmental element, integrating energy consumption, global warming potential, acidification potential and respiratory effects potential, was measured by the life cycle assessment model. A hypothetic asphalt pavement maintenance case study was conducted using the developed multi-objective optimization model and harvested 103 sets of feasible combinations of maintenance plans, each of which is non-dominated by the others. Trade-offs analysis was performed among the three objectives and visualized in both two- and three-dimension forms. It is found there is an opportunity of reducing the cost and environmental impacts to 80.3% and 77.8% and increasing the pavement performance to 146.6% compared to the base case. However, they are mutually compromised and cannot be reached simultaneously. The developed model reveals the quantitatively interactive relationship of the three objectives and helps optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans.     

Environmentally appraising different pavement and construction scenarios: A comparative analysis for a typical local road

The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of environmental impacts for different scenarios of a typical local road. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the modeling tool used to quantify and characterize comparative environmental impacts. In carrying out this specific application of the LCA, different road construction techniques were considered with regards to the whole structure and compared in order to identify the best alternative in terms of environmental sustainability.So far, in fact, typical LCA frameworks of roads have focused on recycled materials for pavement layers only, thus neglecting study of the materials used in the embankment or in the subgrade. In this study, these materials were included too, in order to prove the environmental benefit of using a sustainable technique such as in situ stabilization of fine soils with lime (typically dumped clayey soils) in order to reduce the need for virgin material for embankment and subgrade construction.When using different percentages of recycled materials (such as reclaimed asphalt pavement – RAP) in the bituminous layer or in the foundation, the analysis of the functional unit studied shows a significant reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emissions mainly due to transportation of materials involved, in this way increasing the environmental performance of the road.Another important consideration is that the use of fine soils stabilized with lime “in situ”, instead of dumping it, not only is a good technical solution for improving soil mechanical properties, but it also produces a reduction of energy consumption and of pollutant emissions. It is noticeable that this technique results in a significant reduction of pollutant emissions due the transportation of involved materials, increasing the environmental performance of the road.     

粗纤维增强钢筋混凝土截面的时效分析

将粗合成纤维用于隧道管片衬砌可以提高其强度,但在持续弯曲荷载作用下构件会随时间发生蠕变和出现裂缝。随着对混凝土裂缝应对能力的提升,粗合成纤维作为一种可用的替代品,凭借优良的经济性和耐久性等优势,在隧道管片制作中将得到越来越广泛的应用。文章基于时效特性分析了在持续弯矩和轴向应力作用下,粗纤维增强钢筋混凝土横截面的蠕变和收缩效应,并通过算例进行了验证。研究结果表明:混凝土中的纤维对于提高构件横截面的抗弯强度作用有限,但是纤维减少了构件在服役期间的蠕变,并且当纤维与普通钢筋共同作用时,能显著减少最大裂缝的宽度值。     

基于数据驱动的机场水泥混凝土道面性能退化预测

针对机场道面性能退化过程的精确预测问题，本文采用数据驱动的机场道面预测性维护方法，通过指示变量将两种数据集进行联合分析，考虑机场道面性能退化过程受飞行交通量和道面面层厚度的影响，以机场道面性能状况指数衰变的非线性函数为期望函数，建立一种机场道面性能退化双参数预测模型；根据模型的参数估计结果，采用边际效应分析结合预测性能曲线图示，对不同飞行交通量水平和不同道面厚度等级的道面性能退化过程预测进行分析。结果表明，采用数据驱动和非线性混合效应方法，搭载联合估计技术，能较为显著地提高机场道面性能退化预测的精度和效果。     

高速铁路路基全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构

提出1种高速铁路路基全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构,基于该结构工作状态,分析其主要功能特性,设计碾压密实高模量沥青混凝土。将全断面沥青混凝土防水封闭结构应用于工程试验段,跟踪监测其服役特性。结果表明:试验段轨道结构及路堤基床动力性能均满足规范限值要求;试验段基床含水量维持在8%~18%,受天气影响小,而邻近的纤维混凝土对照段基床含水量为10%~35%,随天气波动显著;试验段沥青混凝土的吸热作用,使得路肩处基床温度较对照段大;试验段路基竖向变形监测值较对照段稍大,但均满足限值要求;试验段沥青混凝土与底座等接触情况良好,无松散剥落等病害,仅在底座板接缝处有数条裂缝,而对照段出现较多的纵横向裂缝,严重影响其防水封闭效果;沥青混凝土修补方便,可维护性高。     

沥青路面罩面设计方法综述

近20a来，我国高等级公路建设发展迅猛，在公路里程不断增长的同时，也面临着严峻的养护任务，其中罩面是公路管理部门最为关心、也是应用最为广泛的一种养护措施。对现阶段国内外主要的沥青路面罩面设计方法进行了简要的介绍，并对其优缺点进行了较为全面的分析。