高粘度基质沥青混合料高温抗剪性能试验研究

通过对高粘度基质沥青(AH-30)、重交沥青(AH-70)及SBS改性沥青混合料进行SST剪切和贯入剪切试验,对比研究了3种不同沥青混合料的高温抗剪性能.结果表明:高粘度基质沥青混合料的高温抗剪性能优于重交和改性沥青混合料,抗高温车辙能力明显,可适用于南方湿热地区沥青路面中下面层.     

喷油器参数对柴油机燃烧特性影响的数值模拟

应用三维CFD模拟软件FIRE,对1台135柴油机的喷雾与燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。通过缸内流场分析和浓度分析,研究了喷孔数、喷孔锥角对燃烧过程的影响及对NOx和炭烟生成的影响。结果表明,喷孔数和喷孔锥角影响燃油的喷雾质量和油气混合质量,进而影响燃烧过程和排放物的生成;CFD模拟计算对优化喷油器参数,从而改进燃烧系统具有指导意义。     

Deriving macroscopic fundamental diagrams from probe data: Issues and proposed solutions

Well-defined relationships between flow and density averaged spatially across urban traffic networks, more commonly known as Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFDs), have been recently verified to exist in reality. Researchers have proposed using MFDs to monitor the status of urban traffic networks and to inform the design of network-wide traffic control strategies. However, it is also well known that empirical MFDs are not easy to estimate in practice due to difficulties in obtaining the requisite data needed to construct them. Recent works have devised ways to estimate a network’s MFD using limited trajectory data that can be obtained from GPS-equipped mobile probe vehicles. These methods assume that the market penetration level of mobile probe vehicles is uniform across the entire set of OD pairs in the network; however, in reality the probe vehicle market penetration rate varies regionally within a network. When this variation is combined with the imbalance of probe trip lengths and travel times, the compound effects will further complicate the estimation of the MFD.To overcome this deficit, we propose a method to estimate a network’s MFD using mobile probe data when the market penetration rates are not necessarily the same across an entire network. This method relies on the determination of appropriate average probe penetration rates, which are weighted harmonic means using individual probe vehicle travel times and distances as the weights. The accuracy of this method is tested using synthetic data generated in the INTEGRATION micro-simulation environment by comparing the estimated MFDs to the ground truth MFD obtained using a 100% market penetration of probe vehicles. The results show that the weighted harmonic mean probe penetration rates outperform simple (arithmetic) average probe penetration rates, as expected. This especially holds true as the imbalance of demand and penetration level increases. Furthermore, as the probe penetration rates are generally not known, an algorithm to estimate the probe penetration rates of regional OD pairs is proposed. This algorithm links count data from sporadic fixed detectors in the network to information from probe vehicles that pass the detectors. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is very effective. Since the data needed to apply this algorithm are readily available and easy to collect, the proposed algorithm is practically feasible and offers a better approach for the estimation of the MFD using mobile probe data, which are becoming increasingly available in urban environments.     

基于静力触探CPT测试数据的轨道基础沉降分析

轨道式龙门吊作为重箱堆场主要起重设备,轨道基础对地基的沉降及其差异沉降非常敏感。目前,国内主要结合勘探及室内土工试验数据,采用规范法对基础沉降进行计算分析。静力触探技术能反映土体原位物理力学性质、具有测试速度快及经济效益高等优点,因此广泛应用于国外地基处理效果评价。基于中东某集装箱码头工程的吹填砂场地静力触探测试数据,采用国际公认的Schmertmann方法对轨道基础的沉降及其差异沉降进行计算分析。工程实例的计算结果表明:基于静力触探测试数据的轨道基础沉降计算方法的分析结果满足轨道基础的国际设计标准,研究成果可供类似海外工程参考。     

不同信息下的逐日路径选择行为实验与模型

为研究先进出行者信息系统(ATIS)对出行者逐日路径选择行为的影响，本文基于 Braess路网设计5组具有不同ATIS市场占有率(0、25%、50%、75%、100%)的行为实验.结果表明：3条路径的流量及新增路径保持选择的次数持续波动，随着ATIS市场占有率增大，路网平均行程时间趋于用户均衡，新增路径保持选择的次数呈现增长趋势，且被试对新增路径的选择性偏好增强，Braess悖论的效果也更明显.基于5组实验数据，分别建立普通Logit模型和基于面板数据的随机效应Logit模型刻画路径选择行为.结果表明：当ATIS市场占有率为0时，最佳模型为普通Logit模型；当ATIS市场占有率增大甚至达到100%时，最佳模型均为随机效应Logit模型；未配备ATIS的出行者的个体差异性比配备ATIS的小.     

Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: opportunities,barriers and policy recommendations

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent a potentially disruptive yet beneficial change to our transportation system. This new technology has the potential to impact vehicle safety, congestion, and travel behavior. All told, major social AV impacts in the form of crash savings, travel time reduction, fuel efficiency and parking benefits are estimated to approach $2000 to per year per AV, and may eventually approach nearly $4000 when comprehensive crash costs are accounted for. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Initial costs will likely be unaffordable. Licensing and testing standards in the U.S. are being developed at the state level, rather than nationally, which may lead to inconsistencies across states. Liability details remain undefined, security concerns linger, and without new privacy standards, a default lack of privacy for personal travel may become the norm. The impacts and interactions with other components of the transportation system, as well as implementation details, remain uncertain. To address these concerns, the federal government should expand research in these areas and create a nationally recognized licensing framework for AVs, determining appropriate standards for liability, security, and data privacy.     

Instabilities in imperfect thick cones subjected to axial compression and external pressure

The paper presents results of a numerical study into the buckling resistance of geometrically imperfect mild steel cones subjected to: (a) axial compression only, (b) lateral external pressure only, and (c) axial compression and external pressure acting simultaneously.Initial geometric imperfections are taken in the form of the eigenmode, `a single wave' extracted from the eigenmode and localized smooth dimple modelled analytically. Load carrying capacity of imperfect models is computed using the Finite Element proprietory code.Buckling strength of axially compressed and imperfect cone is only 55% of geometrically perfect model. Buckling strength of a cone subjected to lateral pressure, on the other hand, amounts to 43% of the corresponding value of perfect model. But it is the shrinkage of stability plot of imperfect cone which was found to be significant. For imperfect cones subjected to combined axial compression and external pressure, the collapse envelope shrinks by 48% with the elastic sub-set being reduced by 51%.     

相继增压对某型柴油机性能影响及喷油参数再优化

对某采用相继增压与可控进气涡流复合系统的柴油机建立了缸内仿真模型,分别对可控进气涡流系统和相继增压与可控进气涡流复合系统的燃烧过程进行仿真计算,结果表明,在低工况下后者排气中NOX、Soot的质量分数分别降低了54%和86.1%。并对相继增压与可控进气涡流复合系统柴油机喷油提前角、喷雾锥角进行了再优化仿真计算,结果表明,优化后喷油提前角为20°CA,喷雾锥角为155°。     

真空预压全过程有效应力变化

真空负压在地下水位线以上及以下的传递规律、真空预压过程中地下水位线以上及以下部分有效应力增加的机理等问题,目前学界各方的认识并不统一。通过对真空预压全过程孔隙总水头的变化引起有效应力变化规律的分析,从另一角度探讨了真空负压在软土中的传递规律。结果表明:真空负压在软土水位线以上及以下均会传递,并随渗透阻力而衰减;真空负压及地下水位下降均会引起软土水上、水下任一点有效应力的增加,水上、水下有效应力增量的表达形式是统一的;地下水位埋深与真空预压的加固效果相关,埋深越大,加固效果越差;加固过程中,地下水位下降,但下降幅度不大。     

疏水化合孔栓物对高性能混凝土性能影响的试验及应用

研究疏水化合孔栓物对不同强度等级的高性能混凝土工作性、力学性能及耐久性的影响。结果表明:疏水化合孔栓物可改善新拌混凝土工作性、显著降低混凝土吸水率,混凝土吸水率普遍降低50%以上,同时可提高混凝土抗氯离子渗透性。疏水化合孔栓物降低混凝土早期强度,但对后期强度无明显影响。该内掺型疏水材料在范和港跨海大桥、东华大桥等工程中得到推广应用,显著提高了混凝土结构耐久性。