考虑区间重叠的多运营商公交调度优化

为解决多运营商在重叠区间的公交线路调度问题,在分析重叠区间特性的基础上,提出一种双层规划模型.上层模型代表政府机构,目标为使公交乘客总出行时间最小,变量为公交线路分配方案;下层模型代表运营商,目标为各运营商追求自身利润最大化,变量为运营线路的公交车发车间隔.应用NSGA-II算法(Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) 求解模型,并在长春市南关区北侧区域的公交线网进行案例分析.实验结果表明,优化后网络中公交乘客的总出行时间降低了5.93%,验证了模型的有效性.     

Competitiveness prioritisation of container ports in Asia under the background of China’s Belt and Road initiative

ABSTRACT

The understanding of the competitiveness of different ports under the background of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) is critical for drafting appropriate plans and taking suitable actions to select the best port in the logistics supply chains. A novel Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis (MADA) was proposed for the evaluation of port competitiveness. In the developed MADA method, the interval Analytic Hierarchy Process and the projection method was combined for the evaluation of port competitiveness. Three container ports in Asia including Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore were studied under the background of China’s BRI. The results demonstrate that the port of Singapore is the most competitive at the initial stage of China’s BRI, followed by Hong Kong and Shanghai in the descending order. The results were validated by sum weighted method and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method, and sensitivity analysis was also carried out. The competitiveness of the three ports in the next ten years were also studied with the consideration of the influences of China’s BRI, and the results reveal that Shanghai port can even exceed Hong Kong port and Singapore port if it can effectively take the advantage s of China’s BRI.     

Environment–person interactions enabling walking in later life

Traditionally, theory suggests the ageing individual is strongly influenced by the environment and has difficulties in overcoming distance and space. Recently, however, theory has moved to suggest that older people possess greater agency, being more capable of selecting and mastering their environments and spaces according to their needs and preferences. This paper suggests that both opposing theories are correct for differing groups. Observations and surveys of older people (n = 365) in public space examined how far person–environment agency is present in active use of outdoor space, measured by confidence to use and explore space, in three locations (urban shopping centres, suburban residential area and an area of shared space). In all three areas, dominance of the space was associated with being male and having higher levels of reported health, confidence and higher socio-economic status. Only 11% of participants walked at least as fast as the UK department for transport guidance on crossing speeds.     

车辆号牌识别率合理评价

车辆号牌识别率关系到交通信息采集中车牌识别的精确度,本文把车牌识别的过程近似地抽象为贝努利试验,据此提出了一种实际检测车辆号牌识别率的应用方法.     

地铁运行发车间隔和旅行速度指标下降的分析

地铁交通快捷特征的指标——发车间隔和旅行速度并未达到令人满意的程度,在地面交通快速化之后能否保持优势值得关注.它们受到信号闭塞关系的制约,还涉及车辆、线路、供电和运营等专业,影响各有不同.通过两项指标的计算数值,说明系统设计和运营操作中提升指标的落脚点.     

港口起重机金属结构裂纹监控方法

裂纹在港口起重机金属结构中广泛存在.金属结构裂纹严重威胁着起重机的安全生产.以实验研究为基础,提出了一整套港口起重机金属结构裂纹监控的实用方法.     

基于行驶特征区间划分的重型载货汽车 实际道路能耗评价方法

提出一种基于行驶特征区间划分的能耗评价方法。通过对中国货车行驶工况的工况点分布特征进行分析,确定 了速度和加速度区间的数量与边界的划分方案。考虑道路坡度的影响,进行实际道路试验数据筛选,并用于计算不同行 驶特征区间内的燃油消耗量平均值。结合中国货车行驶工况在不同行驶特征区间内的累计行驶里程,计算能耗评价结 果。为了验证该方法的有效性,开展了 3次底盘测功机试验和 2次实际道路行驶试验,结果表明,所提出的能耗评价方 法能提高重型载货汽车实际道路能耗评价结果的复现性。     

特长隧洞施工运输车辆调度控制系统

根据青海省引大济湟调水总干渠引水隧洞工程采用双护盾TBM快速施工和长距离运输的特点,提出了通过调度集中控制系统对隧洞内的有轨运输车辆实施远距离集中自动调度控制的措施。确定了特长隧洞采用单线运输轨线,并根据进度目标所需的运输量及运输系统的能力,每隔一定里程设一固定会车站来完成运输作业。介绍了特长隧洞施工有轨运输车辆调度控制系统的设备组成、控制原理及车站联锁控制与道岔转换实现区间闭塞的技术。提出了列车进路控制和区间闭塞接发车控制两种控制模式,提出了采用光缆传输、计算机联锁、PLC控制的现场总线式分布控制系统的方案。     

异型钢独塔斜拉桥抗震性能分析

青海省西宁市西平大街异型钢独塔斜拉桥的结构、交通荷载较为复杂。为了保证该桥的抗震安全,使项目能够顺利进行,从桥梁空间动力模型建模、摩擦摆支座模拟、地震动输入方向3个方面进行分析,完成了桥梁的建模计算。结果表明：沿纵桥向输入地震动时,边塔的轴力和剪力远大于主塔,而沿横桥向输入地震动时,主塔的轴力、剪力和弯矩均大于边塔;选用的摩擦摆减隔震支座设计减隔震起始力为竖向承载力的10%,在E2强震作用下,支座进入减隔震摆动工作状态,有效延长了结构自振周期,实现了该桥减隔震设计;伸缩缝的设置应预留足够梁体位移量,以避免地震时梁体与桥台发生碰撞;桥台与主梁之间设置黏滞阻尼器,可有效控制梁体和桥塔的纵向位移,并起到减震耗能的作用。