A programmable calculation procedure for number of traffic conflict points at highway intersections

Traffic movement conflict points at intersections are the points at which traffic movements intersect (including crossing, merging, and diverging). Numbers and distribution of different types of conflict points are used to evaluate intersection access management designs and safety performance. Traditionally, the determination of the numbers of conflict points for different traffic movements is based on manual methods, which causes the difficulty for computerized procedures to evaluate safety performance of different access management designs. Sometimes, a programmable calculation procedure may provide more effective solutions as compared with manual methods. This paper presents a programmable calculation procedure for the determination of the numbers of conflict points, which could be used as a basis for a computerized procedure. Concepts of virtual movement lanes and intersection quadrants are introduced to specify types of intersections, traffic lane configurations, and traffic movement regulations. Calculation models, based on such concepts, for traffic movement conflict points at signalized and unsignalized intersections can be obtained. In support of the procedure, case studies are presented in the paper. The procedure presented in the paper can be programmed into a computer program for the purpose of a computerized evaluation of intersection safety and design performance of different access management or control approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A measurement to driving situation awareness in signalized intersections

Drivers get involved easily in Left-Turn Across Path with Opposite Direction Traffic (LTAP-OD) conflicts at signalized intersection with unprotected left-turn phasing. This study classified the left-turn drivers’ performance into four types: (1) the correct acceptance of safe lags/gaps, (2) the correct rejection of dangerous lags/gaps, (3) the false rejection of safe lags/gaps and (4) the false acceptance of dangerous lags/gaps. Based on the high mounted video camera data, the logistic regression model was used to obtain the critical gaps for estimating whether the lags/gaps were safe or not. The results show that the cognition behavior of the left-turn drivers should be improved while the gap/lag is drawn near the critical gap. Furthermore, the conservative drivers are more likely to reject the larger lags/gaps and yield the right-of-way to the opposing vehicles. Simultaneously the poor response execution may cause drivers to have difficulties during the turning performance when the lags/gaps are large enough. These results could be used as the basis for a discussion of the right time to support the drivers.     

我国当代社会的传播失衡

随着社会文化分化的不断加剧，我国当代社会的传播分化问题凸现出来。传播分化引起传播冲突，传播冲突的直接结果是传播的非均衡发展，也就是传播失衡。对于这些问题，传播学理论研究尚未给予充分的关注。本文拟就传播冲突的基本特征、传播失衡的表现形态，以及传播失衡的负面影响等问题进行理论分析和探讨。本文研究认为。传播失衡的表现形态主要体现在地城层面的传播“倒流效应（backwasheffect）”、社会群体层面的传播对立、媒介内部层面的结构失衡以及管理层面的市场力量和国家控制的深层矛盾等方面。     

单线列车运行调整的最早冲突优化方法

针对单线铁路列车运行调整问题的特点,建立单线列车运行调整的数学模型,提出最早冲突优化方法。该方法首先生成松弛运行调整计划,再对松弛计划中的冲突逐一选择最早冲突优先化解,松弛计划中的全部冲突得以序列化化解后获得阶段计划。最早冲突优化方法克服了组合化解冲突产生的巨大方案数,具有较高的运行效率。实例证明最早冲突优化方法生成的阶段计划质量高、运算快,完全能满足行车调度的实时性要求。     

无控制交叉口冲突次数的计算方法

本文用概率的方法,就无控制交叉口的冲突进行了研究,提出了冲突次数的计算公式并进行了讨论。     

基于交通冲突技术的行人安全分析与改善

从研究行人安全的角度出发,简要介绍了行人交通冲突技术及冲突成因,通过实例调查分析,探讨了交叉口信号配时对行人安全的影响以及闯红灯人数与行人冲突的关系,建立了行人绿信比与闯红灯比例、行人绿灯时转弯车与行人冲突数的关系模型,分析了行人冲突特性,用一种潜在事故指标表征行人安全.最后,针对存在的问题提出了相应的行人安全改善措施,并对3种冲突改善措施的效果进行了对比,得出相关结论.     

基于视频检测的交通冲突判别方法和模型

为了克服交通冲突传统人工判别方法的缺陷,提出了基于视频检测的交通冲突发生判别的基本流程,将交通冲突发生的判别划分为交通参数的视频检测、坐标变换和交通冲突判别3个阶段。在借助OpenCV和Matlab标定工具箱进行交通实体检测和坐标变换的基础上,建立了以冲突角度、速度和距离等指标为核心的交通冲突综合判别模型,并通过现实场景验证该模型的有效性。     

考虑匹配优先级的共享混合停车位租用与分配问题研究

为充分利用混合停车场的停车和充电资源，本文依据出行者需求的差异性设置匹配优先级，在此基础上以共享平台接受并出租车位的收益扣除拒绝请求的惩罚成本的总收益最大化为目标，以充电量不超过停车场负荷为约束条件，建立考虑匹配优先级的共享混合停车位租用与分 配(MPRA)模型。基于匹配优先级原则和模型特征改进蚁群算法，设置分块冲突矩阵，根据分块冲突矩阵设计蚂蚁信息素更新策略和路径选择策略并进行求解。最后算例证实了考虑匹配优先级的必要性，并分析了问题规模对MPRA分配方案的影响。研究结果表明：在充电需求匹配率方面，MPRA方案高于利润最大化方案，平均提升率为28.96%，这一优势与出行者数量或车位数量成反比，且利润提升率随着问题规模的增加而增加；车位数量有限时，MPRA方案相较于先到先停方案可以极大化提升车位利用率和充电需求匹配率，平均提升率分别为17.87%和113.96%。     

阿以恐怖主义宗教历史渊源探

宗教本身并不一定导致恐怖主义。作为人类文明一种重要的渊源性文化形式，一些宗教在特定层面和阶段对暴力恐怖行为的一定诠释与支持往往也是显而易见的。从宗教历史层面看，阿以之间的暴力冲突尤其如此。