路段交通冲突技术研究

对路段交通冲突进行定义和分类，着重研究严重冲突的判别标准和分级标准是对现有交通冲突技术理论的一种完善和改进，为路段交通安全分析评价提供一种新的研究途径。     

Conflict‐free time‐based trajectory planning for aircraft taxi automation with refined taxiway modeling

To mitigate airport congestion caused by increasing air traffic demand, the trajectory‐based surface operations concept has been proposed to improve surface movement efficiency while maintaining safety. It utilizes decision support tools to provide optimized time‐based trajectories for each aircraft and uses automation systems to guide surface movements and monitor their conformance with assigned trajectories. Whether the time‐based trajectories can be effectively followed so that the expected benefits can be guaranteed depends firstly on whether these trajectories are realistic. So, this paper first deals with the modeling biases of the network model typically used for taxi trajectory planning via refined taxiway modeling. Then it presents a zone control‐based dynamic routing and timing algorithm upon the refined taxiway model to find the shortest time taxi route and timings for an aircraft. Finally, the presented algorithm is integrated with a sequential planning framework to continuously decide taxi routes and timings. Experimental results demonstrate that the solution time for an aircraft can be steadily around a few milliseconds with timely cleaning of expired time windows, showing potential for real‐time decision support applications. The results also show the advantages of the proposed methodology over existing approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于交通冲突比率的交叉口安全评价

在介绍和分析交通冲突技术的基础上,引入基于交通冲突比率的安全评价模型,并将其实际运用于交叉口安全评价,有助于提出行之有效的改善交通冲突状况的安全措施,实践证明,这是一种更有效、更适用的交叉口安全评价方法。     

不同类型人行信号灯对过街行人的安全影响研究

随着对行人交通关注的加强,寻求更安全、更便利的行人交通设施越来越受到重视.鉴于此,首先介绍我国一般交叉口常用的静态人行信号灯、动态人行信号灯和倒计时人行信号灯三种信号灯的特点;然后分析人行信号灯对行人过街安全的影响,利用问卷调查法和摄像调查法,定性研究不同类型人行信号灯对行人过街心理和行为的影响,定量研究不同类型人行信号灯对行人过街守法率、过街速度和行人与右转机动车的交通冲突数的影响,对科学设置交通设施,减少交通事故,保证人、车安全具有重要的意义.     

美国华裔对自身文化身份的认知—以《接骨师之女》为例

本文以《接骨师之女》为例,详细分析了这部小说之中描写的华裔母女之间、以及这对母女与周围美国人的冲突与融合,揭示了当时美国华裔人群的生活情况,由此来分析美国华裔对自身文化身份的认知。     

穿村镇公路交叉口优化研究

穿村镇公路交通冲突严重,事故频发.以密云琉辛路燕落段(总长860 m)为例,从主路及相交支路的交通调查入手,引入交通冲突分析技术,建立灰色聚类评价模型,利用可接入管理技术对穿村镇公路设计方案进行优化,保留优评相交支路,合并恶评相交支路,并对交叉路口的几何设计尺寸进行改造.研究表明,利用交通冲突理论对穿村镇公路交叉支路进行优化改造,路段冲突率明显降低,居民出行安全性显著提高.     

An application of interactive management information systems to environmental planning: Coastal zone management

Recent emphasis in comprehensive planning for coastal zone regions has created the need for more effective tools for information processing and analysis to aid policymakers and planners in developing strategies for preservation of coastal zone areas. New agencies with broad powers have been created at both state and federal levels to deal with growth management in large coastal regions. However, coastal zone management (CZM) agencies have not yet been able to deal effectively with development processes. A “holding action”; is being maintained in the face of mounting pressure by developers, while planners struggle to develop (1) a data base with sufficient detail for planning; (2) a fair and rapid process for reviewing environmental impact statements and granting of development permits; and (3) a system for making the development permit application process more routine. The key to success of the CZM process is the development of a management information system (MIS) created explicitly for CZM. The prototypical system designed by the authors combines graphic display capabilities (i.e., map display) with interactive on‐line computing and large storage‐capacity computers. Problems of data structure development are documented, together with problems of assembling a large‐scale, highly detailed data base. Of particular importance is the need for well‐developed objectives and specifications for the use of computer‐based data in resolving disputes on environmental issues. A set of objectives and specifications for a prototypical coastal zone MIS is developed. The system is described in detail, showing how its capabilities directly address policy questions formulated by coastal zone planners.     

基于模糊聚类的城市交叉口安全评价

交叉口是城市道路网中的重要节点,也是交通事故的多发点,对城市交叉口的安全性进行评价具有重要意义。交通冲突技术是交通领域新兴的一种非事故统计技术,采用典型时段的交通冲突与混合当量交通量的比值(TC/MPCU)作为评价指标,应用混合型模糊聚类方法,针对福州市八个交叉口建立安全评价模型,结果符合实际情况,该方法具有实用意义。     

高速铁路列车运行冲突机理

分析了高速铁路列车运行过程中随机干扰的分布规律和累积过程,采用运行计划的状态偏离图,描述了高速铁路列车运行延误的变化机理。分析了高速铁路列车运行过程中冗余时间的分布规律与利用过程,采用运行计划的状态恢复图,描述了冗余时间对延误时间的吸收过程。根据运行干扰作用过程与冗余时间利用过程,研究了高速铁路列车运行冲突的产生机理,建立了随机干扰和冗余时间共同作用下高速铁路列车运行状态的递推过程。运用易语言开发了运行干扰-冗余时间-冲突仿真程序,当干扰概率分别为50%和30%,冗余时间比例分别为15%和10%时,仿真了4种工况下高速铁路列车运行冲突的产生机理。仿真结果表明:随机干扰会导致运行冲突的产生,冗余时间可以吸收延误时间并减小运行冲突个数;随机干扰越小,运行冲突个数越少,当随机干扰概率减小20%时,冲突个数减小17.3%;延误时间越大,可利用的冗余时间越大,当冗余时间比例增大5%时,冲突吸收系数增大6.5%;冗余时间对小干扰概率与小干扰总量下的运行冲突吸收作用更明显。     

大型公建机动车出入口下游功能区面积计算

为定量化大型公建机动车出入口交通影响范围,假设出入口右转交通冲突区为其下游功能区,分析出入口下游功能区面积的交通影响特征.进而以交通冲突时后随右转车位置为右转冲突分布点,给出基于摄影测量法的出入口右转冲突分布点实际坐标公式,以测量右转冲突区域.然后通过右转冲突坐标点曲线拟合,界定右转冲突区端点,从而确定出入口下游功能区面积模型.最后以某大型公建机动车出入口为例,进行成果试算及仿真验证.验证结果表明,出入口下游功能区内城市道路交通延误较大,且延误数值存在先急剧增大后缓慢减小的变化态势,吻合了右转冲突区域的形状和面积特征.因而基于右转冲突区域形状的出入口功能区面积模型可界定大型公建出入口影响范围,有助于城市道路微观交通组织优化.